Linux基础命令-软件下载-YUM

• 首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

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使用mv命令备份文件，一般在文件后面加.backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo       CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.backup
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo.backup  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo    CentOS-Media.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo.backup

• 下载对应版本repo文件, 放入/etc/yum.repos.d/(操作前请做好相应备份)

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下载前先安装 wget
命令：yum -y install wget

• 163的yum源

163源镜像地址
CentOS7_repo下载
命令下载

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

CentOS6_repo下载
命令下载

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

CentOS5_repo下载
命令下载

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo

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• 阿里云的yum源

阿里云源镜像地址
CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

CentOS 6

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 5

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

或者

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curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

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• 运行以下命令生成缓存

  yum clean all
  yum makecache

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1. python3下载:

Python Source Releases
命令下载

wget -O /home/Python-3.7.1.tgz https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tgz

2. 到下载目录下解压python3源文件

打开下载目录：cd /home
解压命令: tar -zxvf Python-3.7.1.tgz

3. 安装支持库文件

命令：yum -y install gcc zlib* opensll*

4. 预编译C文件

命令： ./configure --prefix=/usr/Python-3.7.1 --with-ssl-default-suites --enable-optimizations

5. 编译文件

命令：make

6. 安装文件

命令make install

7. 配置环境变量

①打开安装目录下的bin目录

命令：cd /usr/Python-3.7.1/bin

②查询PATH

命令：echo $PATH

③用命令：pwd，获取当前目录路径，方便第四步复制路径

[root@localhost bin]# pwd
/usr/Python-3.7.1/bin

④在环境变量追加路径

命令：PATH=$PATH:/usr/Python-3.7.1/bin

8. 更改输入命令python启动为python3程序

①备份/usr/bin/python

打开文件目录命令：cd /usr/bin
备份目录命令： mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.backup

②链接文件目录

ln -s /usr/Python-3.7.1/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

③检测是否成功

输入命令：python

运行的是3.7.1的python

[root@localhost bin]# python
Python 3.7.1 (default, Nov 10 2018, 09:39:53) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>