前言
参考：
Postgresql中临时表（temporary table）的特性和用法
PostgreSQL SELECT INTO和INSERT INTO SELECT 两种表复制语句
结论
临时表解释：
PostgreSQL中的临时表分两种，一种是会话级临时表，一种是事务级临时表。在会话级临时表中，数据可以存在于整个会话的生命周期中，在事务级临时表中的数据只能存在于事务的生命周期中。
- 不管是会话级还是事务级的临时表，当会话结束后，临时表会消失，这和Oracle数据库不同。Oracle数据库当会话结束后，数据消失，而表依然存在。
- “ON COMMIT” 子句有三种形式,默认使用的是PRESERVE ROWS：
(1)ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS 表示临时表的数据在事务结束后保留;
(2)ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS 表示临时表的数据在事务结束后truncate掉;
(3)ON COMMIT DROP 表示临时表在事务结束后删除。
临时表命令：
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name ( [
{ column_name data_type [ COLLATE collation ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint
| LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ] }
[, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ PARTITION BY { RANGE | LIST } ( { column_name | ( expression ) } [ COLLATE collation ] [ opclass ] [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name
OF type_name [ (
{ column_name [ WITH OPTIONS ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint }
[, ... ]
) ]
[ PARTITION BY { RANGE | LIST } ( { column_name | ( expression ) } [ COLLATE collation ] [ opclass ] [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name
PARTITION OF parent_table [ (
{ column_name [ WITH OPTIONS ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint }
[, ... ]
) ] FOR VALUES partition_bound_spec
[ PARTITION BY { RANGE | LIST } ( { column_name | ( expression ) } [ COLLATE collation ] [ opclass ] [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
where column_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
NULL |
CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] |
DEFAULT default_expr |
GENERATED { ALWAYS | BY DEFAULT } AS IDENTITY [ ( sequence_options ) ] |
UNIQUE index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY index_parameters |
REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
and table_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] |
UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
EXCLUDE [ USING index_method ] ( exclude_element WITH operator [, ... ] ) index_parameters [ WHERE ( predicate ) ] |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
and like_option is:
{ INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { COMMENTS | CONSTRAINTS | DEFAULTS | IDENTITY | INDEXES | STATISTICS | STORAGE | ALL }
and partition_bound_spec is:
IN ( { numeric_literal | string_literal | TRUE | FALSE | NULL } [, ...] ) |
FROM ( { numeric_literal | string_literal | TRUE | FALSE | MINVALUE | MAXVALUE } [, ...] )
TO ( { numeric_literal | string_literal | TRUE | FALSE | MINVALUE | MAXVALUE } [, ...] )
index_parameters in UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, and EXCLUDE constraints are:
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
exclude_element in an EXCLUDE constraint is:
{ column_name | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
来自 postgresql10手册。
临时表的两种初始化方式。
1、第一种，正正经经创建临时表，然后批量导入数据。
就是这种方式，请原谅我盗图了。。
这种方式用处不是很方便。使用上有限制。个人感觉临时表最好不用每个字段都定义，毕竟有些数据集需要先存储起来再处理，你总不能这样定义吧。
2、第二种直接从结果集创建。
create [temporary] table as select * from 目标表。
请原谅我引用信息：
好了，大体的创建方式是：
create temporary table "tmp_tbl_001" on commit drop as select * from member;
select * from tmp_tbl_001;
看看结果：
这种引用方式很好，可以直接保存又不用事先定义。