前言
微信公众号的分类
- 微信消息推送
- 公众号
- 已认证公众号
- 服务号
- 已认证服务号
- 企业号
- 公众号
基于：微信认证服务号 主动推送微信消息。
前提：关注服务号
环境：沙箱环境
沙箱环境地址： https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
流程：
注册开发者账号
获得：appID、appsecret
网页授权获取用户基本信息：47.98.134.86 或 域名
关注公众号（已认证的服务号）
生成二维码，用户扫描；
将用户信息发送给微信，微信再将数据发送给设置redirect_uri地址(md5值)
回调地址：47.98.134.86/callback/
- 授权
- 用户md5
- 获取wx_id
在数据库中更新设置：wx_id
发送消息（模板消息）
wx_id
access_token（2小时有效期）
核心代码
models.py
import hashlib
from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
username = models.CharField("用户名", max_length=64, unique=True)
password = models.CharField("密码", max_length=64)
uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人唯一ID',max_length=64, unique=True)
wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 创建用户时，为用户自动生成个人唯一ID
if not self.pk:
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
self.uid = m.hexdigest()
super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)settings.py
WECHAT_CONFIG = {
'app_id': 'wx3d0d44e8d59b5b8c',
'appsecret': 'a4ede68946e9a2e7e36480d23865a64d',
'redirect_uri': 'http://47.106.237.76/callback/',
}views.py
import json
import functools
import requests
from django.conf import settings
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
# 沙箱环境地质：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
def index(request):
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})
def auth(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
user_info = request.session.get('user_info')
if not user_info:
return redirect('/login/')
return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
return inner
def login(request):
"""
用户登录
:param request:
:return:
"""
# models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123)
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get('user')
pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first()
if obj:
request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid}
return redirect(to='/bind/')
else:
return render(request, 'login.html')
@auth
def bind(request):
"""
用户登录后，关注公众号，并绑定个人微信（用于以后消息推送）
:param request:
:return:
"""
return render(request, 'bind.html')
@auth
def bind_qcode(request):
"""
生成二维码
:param request:
:return:
"""
ret = {'code': 1000}
try:
access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
access_url = access_url.format(
appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx89085e915d351cae',
redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"], # 'http://47.93.4.198/test/',
state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 为当前用户生成MD5值
)
ret['data'] = access_url
except Exception as e:
ret['code'] = 1001
ret['msg'] = str(e)
return JsonResponse(ret)
def callback(request):
"""
用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。
用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。
:param request:
:return:
"""
code = request.GET.get("code")
# 用户md5值
state = request.GET.get("state")
# 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息)
res = requests.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token",
params={
"appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
"secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
"code": code,
"grant_type": 'authorization_code',
}
).json()
# 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功
openid = res.get("openid")
print(openid)
if openid:
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid)
response = "<h1>授权成功 %s </h1>" % openid
else:
response = "<h1>用户扫码之后，手机上的提示</h1>"
return HttpResponse(response)
def sendmsg(request):
def get_access_token():
"""
获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时)
如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可
"""
result = requests.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
params={
"grant_type": "client_credential",
"appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
"secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
}
).json()
if result.get("access_token"):
access_token = result.get('access_token')
else:
access_token = None
return access_token
access_token = get_access_token()
openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id
print(openid)
def send_custom_msg():
body = {
"touser": openid,
"msgtype": "text",
"text": {
"content": '云姐好美呀'
}
}
response = requests.post(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send",
params={
'access_token': access_token
},
data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
)
# 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息)
result = response.json()
return result
def send_template_msg():
"""
发送模版消息
"""
res = requests.post(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
params={
'access_token': access_token
},
json={
"touser": openid,
"template_id": 'NcN_W_aEIwu-FHyJx8djU99Z70AvwwGcEufXiTzj-NM',
"data": {
"first": {
"value": "冰姐",
"color": "#173177"
},
"keyword1": {
"value": "美女",
"color": "#173177"
},
}
}
)
result = res.json()
return result
# 在这里编辑要发送的函数中的内容
result = send_template_msg()
if result.get('errcode') == 0:
return HttpResponse('发送成功')
return HttpResponse('发送失败')
功能演示
1登陆：
2客户扫码关注我们的公众号
为了获得用户的微信ID，我们需要客户再次扫码，向微信授权把ID给我们