pyton unittest

在说unittest之前，先说几个概念：

TestCase 也就是测试用例

TestSuite 多个测试用例集合在一起，就是TestSuite

TestLoader是用来加载TestCase到TestSuite中的

TestRunner是来执行测试用例的,测试的结果会保存到TestResult实例中，包括运行了多少测试用例，成功了多少，失败了多少等信息

简单的单元测试用例：

 1 import unittest
 2 import HTMLTestRunner
 3 
 4 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 5     def setUp(self):
 6         """每条用例执行之前运行一次"""
 7         print("-" * 20)
 8 
 9     def tearDown(self):
10         """每条用例执行之后运行一次"""
11         print("+" * 20)
12 
13     @classmethod
14     def setUpClass(cls):
15         """所有用例执行之前运行一次"""
16         print("6" * 10)
17 
18     @classmethod
19     def tearDownClass(cls):
20         """所有用例执行之后运行一次"""
21         print("9" * 10)
22 
23     def test_case_1(self):
24         """assertEqual 两个值相等"""
25         print("1 == 1")
26         self.assertEqual(1,1)
27 
28     def test_case_2(self):
29         """assertNotEqual 两个值不相等"""
30         print("2 != 1")
31         self.assertNotEqual(2, 1)
32 
33     def test_case_3(self):
34         """assertTrue 结果为True"""
35         print("2 > 1")
36         self.assertTrue(2 > 1)
37 
38     def test_case_4(self):
39         """assertFalse 结果为False"""
40         print("2 < 1")
41         self.assertFalse(2 < 1)
42 
43 if __name__ == "__main__":
44     # 运行所有的测试用例
45     unittest.main()

执行结果：

Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest D:/python_file/test_func/unittest-01.py in D:\python_file\test_func
6666666666--------------------
1 == 1
++++++++++++++++++++
--------------------
2 != 1
++++++++++++++++++++
--------------------
2 > 1
++++++++++++++++++++
--------------------
2 < 1
++++++++++++++++++++
9999999999

Ran 4 tests in 0.005s

OK

Process finished with exit code 0

下面是一些常用的断言，也就是校验结果：

        assertEqual(a, b)     a == b      
        assertNotEqual(a, b)     a != b      
        assertTrue(x)     bool(x) is True      
        assertFalse(x)     bool(x) is False      
        assertIsNone(x)     x is None     
        assertIsNotNone(x)     x is not None   
        assertIn(a, b)     a in b    
        assertNotIn(a, b)     a not in b

skip跳过测试用例：

1、unittest.skip(reason):强制跳过，reason是跳过原因
2、unittest.skipIf(condition, reason)：condition为True时跳过
3、unittest.skipUnless(condition, reason)：condition为False时跳过

 1 import unittest
 2 import HTMLTestRunner
 3 
 4 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 5     @classmethod
 6     def setUpClass(cls):
 7         """所有用例执行之前运行一次"""
 8         print("6" * 10)
 9 
10     @classmethod
11     def tearDownClass(cls):
12         """所有用例执行之后运行一次"""
13         print("9" * 10)
14 
15     def test_case_1(self):
16         """assertEqual 两个值相等"""
17         print("1 == 1")
18         self.assertEqual(1,1)
19 
20     @unittest.skip(reason = "强制跳过，reason是跳过原因")
21     def test_case_2(self):
22         """assertNotEqual 两个值不相等"""
23         print("2 != 1")
24         self.assertNotEqual(2, 1)
25 
26     @unittest.skipIf(3 > 2, reason = "结果为True时跳过")
27     def test_case_3(self):
28         """assertTrue 结果为True"""
29         print("2 > 1")
30         self.assertTrue(2 > 1)
31 
32     @unittest.skipUnless(3 < 2, reason="结果为False时跳过")
33     def test_case_4(self):
34         """assertFalse 结果为False"""
35         print("2 < 1")
36         self.assertFalse(2 < 1)
37 
38 if __name__ == "__main__":
39     # 运行所有的测试用例
40     unittest.main()

执行结果 ：

Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest D:/python_file/test_func/unittest-01.py in D:\python_file\test_func
66666666661 == 1

Skipped: 强制跳过，reason是跳过原因

Skipped: 结果为True时跳过

Skipped: 结果为False时跳过
9999999999

Ran 4 tests in 0.002s

OK (skipped=3)

Process finished with exit code 0

suite测试套件

 1 import my_func
 2 import unittest
 3 
 4 class Test_MyFunc(unittest.TestCase):
 5     """test my_func"""
 6 
 7     def test_01(self):
 8         """>>>负数的绝对值"""
 9         self.assertEqual(1, abs(-1))
10 
11     def test_02(self):
12         """>>>正数的绝对值"""
13         self.assertEqual(1, abs(1))
14 
15     def test_03(self):
16         """>>>0的绝对值"""
17         self.assertEqual(0, abs(0))
18 
19 
20 def suite_1():
21     """addTest方法添加用例，可以对case进行排序"""
22     # 构造一个套件
23     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
24     # 向套件例添加用例、排序
25     tests_myfunc = [Test_MyFunc("test_01"), Test_MyFunc("test_01"), Test_MyFunc("test_01")]
26     suite.addTests(tests_myfunc)
27     return suite
28 
29 def suite_01():
30     """addTests + TestLoader方法来添加用例，但是这种方法是无法对case进行排序的"""
31 
32     # 第一种方法：传入'模块名.TestCase名'
33     # 构造测试套件
34     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
35     suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromName("s.Test_MyFunc"))
36     # 这里还可以把多个'模块名.Test_MyFunc'放到一个列表中
37     # suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(['a.Test_a', 'b.Test_b']))
38     return suite
39 
40 
41 def suite_02():
42     """addTests + TestLoader方法来添加用例，但是这种方法是无法对case进行排序的"""
43     # 第二种方法：传入TestCase
44     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
45     suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(Test_MyFunc))
46     return suite
47 
48 def run(suite):
49     runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)
50     runner.run(suite)
51 
52 run(suite_1())

执行结果：

test_03 (s.Test_MyFunc)
>>>0的绝对值 ... ok
test_01 (s.Test_MyFunc)
>>>负数的绝对值 ... ok
test_02 (s.Test_MyFunc)
>>>正数的绝对值 ... ok

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.000s

OK
Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest D:/python_file/test_func/s.py in D:\python_file\test_func

Ran 3 tests in 0.001s

OK

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

使用套件执行会把case的解释给打印出来。。。

 1 import unittest
 2 import HTMLTestRunner
 3 
 4 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 5     def test_case_1(self):
 6         """>>>assertEqual 两个值相等"""
 7         print("1 == 1")
 8         self.assertEqual(1,1)
 9 
10     @unittest.skip(reason = "强制跳过，reason是跳过原因")
11     def test_case_2(self):
12         """>>>assertNotEqual 两个值不相等"""
13         print("2 != 1")
14         self.assertNotEqual(2, 1)
15 
16     @unittest.skipIf(3 > 2, reason = "结果为True时跳过")
17     def test_case_3(self):
18         """>>>assertTrue 结果为True"""
19         print("2 > 1")
20         self.assertTrue(2 > 1)
21 
22     # @unittest.skipUnless(3 < 2, reason="结果为False时跳过")
23     def test_case_4(self):
24         """assertFalse 结果为False"""
25         print("2 < 1")
26         self.assertFalse(2 < 1)
27 
28 # if __name__ == "__main__":
29 #     # 运行所有的测试用例
30 #     unittest.main()
31 
32 suite = unittest.TestSuite()
33 suite.addTests([TestCase("test_case_1"), TestCase("test_case_2")])
34 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)

执行结果：

1 == 1test_case_1 (unittest-01.TestCase)
>>>assertEqual 两个值相等 ... ok
test_case_2 (unittest-01.TestCase)
>>>assertNotEqual 两个值不相等 ... skipped '强制跳过，reason是跳过原因'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s

OK (skipped=1)
1 == 1