Spring Boot使用Future以及定义超时

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一 点睛

1 什么是Future类型?

Future是对于具体的Runnable或者Callable任务的执行结果进行取消、查询是否完成、获取结果的接口。必要时可以通过get方法获取执行结果,该方法会阻塞直到任务返回结果。

它的接口定义如下:

public interface Future<V> {
    boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
    boolean isCancelled();
    boolean isDone();
    V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
    V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}

它声明这样的五个方法:

  • cancel方法用来取消任务,如果取消任务成功则返回true,如果取消任务失败则返回false。参数mayInterruptIfRunning表示是否允许取消正在执行却没有执行完毕的任务,如果设置true,则表示可以取消正在执行过程中的任务。如果任务已经完成,则无论mayInterruptIfRunning为true还是false,此方法肯定返回false,即如果取消已经完成的任务会返回false;如果任务正在执行,若mayInterruptIfRunning设置为true,则返回true,若mayInterruptIfRunning设置为false,则返回false;如果任务还没有执行,则无论mayInterruptIfRunning为true还是false,肯定返回true。

  • isCancelled方法表示任务是否被取消成功,如果在任务正常完成前被取消成功,则返回 true。

  • isDone方法表示任务是否已经完成,若任务完成,则返回true;

  • get()方法用来获取执行结果,这个方法会产生阻塞,会一直等到任务执行完毕才返回;

  • get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)用来获取执行结果,如果在指定时间内,还没获取到结果,就直接返回null。

也就是说Future提供了三种功能:

  • 判断任务是否完成

  • 能够中断任务

  • 能够获取任务执行结果

二 新建pom

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.16.20</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

三 新建异步任务

package com.didispace.async;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Slf4j
@Component
public class Task {

    public static Random random = new Random();

    @Async("taskExecutor")
    public Future<String> run() throws Exception {
        long sleep = random.nextInt(10000);
        log.info("开始任务,需耗时:" + sleep + "毫秒");
        Thread.sleep(sleep);
        log.info("完成任务");
        return new AsyncResult<>("test");
    }

}

四 新建启动类

package com.didispace;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;


@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

    @EnableAsync
    @Configuration
    class TaskPoolConfig {

        @Bean("taskExecutor")
        public Executor taskExecutor() {
            ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
            executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
            executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);
            executor.setQueueCapacity(200);
            executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
            executor.setThreadNamePrefix("taskExecutor-");
            executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
            return executor;
        }
    }

}

五 测试类

package com.didispace;

import com.didispace.async.Task;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Slf4j
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private Task task;

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        Future<String> futureResult = task.run();
        String result = futureResult.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        log.info(result);
    }

}

六 测试结果

1 未超时情况

2 超时情况

七 参考

http://blog.didispace.com/springbootasync-4/

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