Java之加密算法

加密算法主要分为对称加密、非对称加密、Hash加密。

一、何为对称加密？

　　对称加密是指对称密码编码技术，它的特点是文件加密和解密使用相同的密钥加密。

对称机密的密钥一般小于256bit。因为就密钥而言，如果加密的密钥越大，则其计算的复杂度越高，所需要的时间越长，而如果使用的密钥较小，则很容易破解，所以密钥的大小需根据业务需求去选择。

通常，加密的算法有：DES、3DES、Blowfish、IDEA、RC4、RC5、RC6和AES 。

代码段引用：https://blog.csdn.net/chengbinbbs/article/details/78640589

public class DESUtil {

    private static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "DES";
    private static final String DEFAULT_CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding";//默认的加密算法

    /**
     * DES 加密操作
     *
     * @param content 待加密内容
     * @param key 加密密钥
     * @return 返回Base64转码后的加密数据
     */
    public static String encrypt(String content, String key) {
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(DEFAULT_CIPHER_ALGORITHM);// 创建密码器

            byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8");

            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, getSecretKey(key));// 初始化为加密模式的密码器

            byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);// 加密

            return Base64.encodeBase64String(result);//通过Base64转码返回
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(DESUtil.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * DES 解密操作
     *
     * @param content
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public static String decrypt(String content, String key) {

        try {
            //实例化
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(DEFAULT_CIPHER_ALGORITHM);

            //使用密钥初始化，设置为解密模式
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, getSecretKey(key));

            //执行操作
            byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(content));

            return new String(result, "utf-8");
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(DESUtil.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 生成加密秘钥
     *
     * @return
     */
    private static SecretKeySpec getSecretKey(final String key) {
        //返回生成指定算法密钥生成器的 KeyGenerator 对象
        KeyGenerator kg = null;

        try {
            kg = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

            //DES 要求密钥长度为 56
            kg.init(56, new SecureRandom(key.getBytes()));

            //生成一个密钥
            SecretKey secretKey = kg.generateKey();

            return new SecretKeySpec(secretKey.getEncoded(), KEY_ALGORITHM);// 转换为DES专用密钥
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(DESUtil.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }

        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String content = "hello,您好";
        String key = "sde@5f98H*^hsff%dfs$r344&df8543*er";
        System.out.println("content:" + content);
        String s1 = DESUtil.encrypt(content, key);
        System.out.println("s1:" + s1);
        System.out.println("s2:"+ DESUtil.decrypt(s1, key));

    }

}

　　

二、非对称加密

何为非对称加密？

　　非对称加密是指加密和解密使用两个不同的密钥，它包含一对密钥--私钥(谁拿谁负责安全)和公钥。不管是公钥还是私钥都可以进行加密和解密操作，即使用公钥加密，只能使用对应的私钥进行解密，反之，使用私钥加密，只能使用对应的公钥解密。

通常，非对称加密的算法有：RSA、ECC（移动设备用）、Diffie-Hellman、El Gamal、DSA（数字签名用）

代码段引用：https://blog.csdn.net/chengbinbbs/article/details/78640589

public class RSAUtils {

    /**
     * 加密算法RSA
     */
    public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";

    /**
     * 签名算法
     */
    public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";

    /**
     * 获取公钥的key
     */
    private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";

    /**
     * 获取私钥的key
     */
    private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";

    /**
     * RSA最大加密明文大小
     */
    private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;

    /**
     * RSA最大解密密文大小
     */
    private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;

    /**
     * <p>
     * 生成密钥对(公钥和私钥)
     * </p>
     *
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> genKeyPair() throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        keyPairGen.initialize(1024);
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
        Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
        keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
        keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
        return keyMap;
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
     * </p>
     *
     * @param data 已加密数据
     * @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码)
     *
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(privateKey);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        PrivateKey privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
        signature.initSign(privateK);
        signature.update(data);
        return Base64Utils.encode(signature.sign());
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * 校验数字签名
     * </p>
     *
     * @param data 已加密数据
     * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码)
     * @param sign 数字签名
     *
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     *
     */
    public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(publicKey);
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        PublicKey publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
        signature.initVerify(publicK);
        signature.update(data);
        return signature.verify(Base64Utils.decode(sign));
    }

    /**
     * <P>
     * 私钥解密
     * </p>
     *
     * @param encryptedData 已加密数据
     * @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码)
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] encryptedData, String privateKey)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(privateKey);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateK);
        int inputLen = encryptedData.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        // 对数据分段解密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
            } else {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
            }
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
            i++;
            offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        return decryptedData;
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * 公钥解密
     * </p>
     *
     * @param encryptedData 已加密数据
     * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码)
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] encryptedData, String publicKey)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(publicKey);
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicK);
        int inputLen = encryptedData.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        // 对数据分段解密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
            } else {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
            }
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
            i++;
            offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        return decryptedData;
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * 公钥加密
     * </p>
     *
     * @param data 源数据
     * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码)
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String publicKey)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(publicKey);
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
        // 对数据加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicK);
        int inputLen = data.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        // 对数据分段加密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);
            } else {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
            }
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
            i++;
            offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        return encryptedData;
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * 私钥加密
     * </p>
     *
     * @param data 源数据
     * @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码)
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String privateKey)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(privateKey);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateK);
        int inputLen = data.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        // 对数据分段加密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);
            } else {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
            }
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
            i++;
            offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        return encryptedData;
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * 获取私钥
     * </p>
     *
     * @param keyMap 密钥对
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
            throws Exception {
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
        return Base64Utils.encode(key.getEncoded());
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * 获取公钥
     * </p>
     *
     * @param keyMap 密钥对
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
            throws Exception {
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
        return Base64Utils.encode(key.getEncoded());
    }

}

　　

三、Hash算法

何为Hash算法？
　　Hash算法是一种单向的加密算法，即无法解密(依目前的计算力，还是可以使用暴力破解，MD5听说被破解过)。

通常，Hash算法有：MD2、MD4、MD5、HAVAL、SHA

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * MD5加密算法
 */
public class MD5 {

    public static String MD5(String key) {
        char hexDigits[] = {
                '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
        };
        try {
            byte[] btInput = key.getBytes();
            // 获得MD5摘要算法的 MessageDigest 对象
            MessageDigest mdInst = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
            // 使用指定的字节更新摘要
            mdInst.update(btInput);
            // 获得密文
            byte[] md = mdInst.digest();
            // 把密文转换成十六进制的字符串形式
            int j = md.length;
            char str[] = new char[j * 2];
            int k = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
                byte byte0 = md[i];
                str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];
                str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
            }
            return new String(str);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){

        String MD5_String;
        MD5_String = MD5("weiqingde");
        System.out.println(MD5_String);
    }
}

注：如果需要使用这些加密算法，可以去下载apache 下的commons包，该包拥有很多对称加密、非对称加密、Hash加密实现工具