postgresql 通过数据字典建表，不用create TABLE
今天对postgresql的数据字典有个简单的了解，postgre的表结构等信息都是放在数据字典中的，那我们能不能简单的往数据字典中插入数据来实现建表的功能呢？
以下做了一个简单的实验：
1.在postgresql的实例中创建一个表
create table test(a int);
然后去查以下几个数据字典，结果如下
pg_class:
select oid,* from pg_class where relname ='test';--表名
oid | relname | relnamespace | reltype | relowner | relam | relfilenode | reltablespace | relpages | reltuples | reltoastrelid | reltoastidxid | relhasindex | relisshared | relkind | relnatts | relchecks | reltriggers | relukeys | relfkeys | relrefs | relhasoids | relhaspkey | relhasrules | relhassubclass | relfrozenxid | relacl | reloptions
-------+---------+--------------+---------+----------+-------+-------------+---------------+----------+-----------+---------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+---------+----------+-----------+-------------+----------+----------+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------+------------
73728 | test | 2200 | 73729 | 10 | 0 | 73728 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | f | f | r | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | f | f | f | f | 814 | |
--以下通过test表的oid查询
pg_attribute:
select * from pg_attribute where attrelid ='73728';
attrelid | attname | atttypid | attstattarget | attlen | attnum | attndims | attcacheoff | atttypmod | attbyval | attstorage | attalign | attnotnull | atthasdef | attisdropped | attislocal | attinhcount
----------+----------+----------+---------------+--------+--------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+------------+----------+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------
73728 | tableoid | 26 | 0 | 4 | -7 | 0 | -1 | -1 | t | p | i | t | f | f | t | 0
73728 | cmax | 29 | 0 | 4 | -6 | 0 | -1 | -1 | t | p | i | t | f | f | t | 0
73728 | xmax | 28 | 0 | 4 | -5 | 0 | -1 | -1 | t | p | i | t | f | f | t | 0
73728 | cmin | 29 | 0 | 4 | -4 | 0 | -1 | -1 | t | p | i | t | f | f | t | 0
73728 | xmin | 28 | 0 | 4 | -3 | 0 | -1 | -1 | t | p | i | t | f | f | t | 0
73728 | ctid | 27 | 0 | 6 | -1 | 0 | -1 | -1 | f | p | s | t | f | f | t | 0
73728 | a | 23 | -1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | -1 | -1 | t | p | i | f | f | f | t | 0
pg_depend:
select * from pg_depend where refobjid ='73728';
classid | objid | objsubid | refclassid | refobjid | refobjsubid | deptype
---------+-------+----------+------------+----------+-------------+---------
1247 | 73729 | 0 | 1259 | 73728 | 0 | i
pg_type:
select oid,* from pg_type where typrelid = '73728';
oid | typname | typnamespace | typowner | typlen | typbyval | typtype | typisdefined | typdelim | typrelid | typelem | typinput | typoutput | typreceive | typsend | typanalyze | typalign | typstorage | typnotnull | typbasetype | typtypmod | typndims | typdefaultbin | typdefault
-------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+----------+---------+--------------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+------------+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------+------------+-------------+-----------+----------+---------------+------------
73729 | test | 2200 | 10 | -1 | f | c | t | , | 73728 | 0 | record_in | record_out | record_recv | record_send | - | d | x | f | 0 | -1 | 0 | |
tableoid,cmax,xmax,cmin,xmin,ctid都是这个表的隐藏字段，select的时候指定，是可以找到的
mysql=# select tableoid,cmax,xmax,cmin,xmin,ctid,a from test;
tableoid | cmax | xmax | cmin | xmin | ctid | a
----------+------+------+------+------+------+---
(0 rows)
mysql=# insert into test values(1);
INSERT 0 1
mysql=# select tableoid,cmax,xmax,cmin,xmin,ctid,a from test;
tableoid | cmax | xmax | cmin | xmin | ctid | a
----------+------+------+------+------+-------+---
73728 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 842 | (0,1) | 1
可以看到，数据库中这个数据文件的大小是0
[mysql@pttest4 data]$ ll ./base/16386/73728
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 0 Dec 1 22:11 ./base/16386/73728
2.我们已经知道上述四个数据字典的数据了，这样子我们模仿，给这四个数据字典插入数据，是不是我们也可以新建一张表呢。
下面我们就新建一张 test_cxf的表，字典跟上面的一样。
a.首先往pg_class中插入数据：
mysql=# insert into pg_class(relname,relnamespace,reltype,relowner,relam,relfilenode,reltablespace,relpages,reltuples,reltoastrelid,reltoastidxid,relhasindex,relisshared,relkind,relnatts,relchecks,reltriggers,relukeys,relfkeys,relrefs,relhasoids,relhaspkey,relhasrules,relhassubclass,relfrozenxid,relacl,reloptions) values('test_cxf','2200','73731','10','0','73730','0','0','0','0','0','f','f','r','1','0','0','0','0','0','f','f','f','f','814','{}','{}');
INSERT 73730 1
可以看到，这一行的oid为73730
b.接着往pg_type中插入数据：
mysql=# insert into pg_type(typname,typnamespace,typowner,typlen,typbyval,typtype,typisdefined,typdelim,typrelid,typelem,typinput,typoutput,typreceive,typsend,typanalyze,typalign,typstorage,typnotnull,typbasetype,typtypmod,typndims,typdefaultbin,typdefault) values('test_cxf','2200','10','-1','f','c','t',',','73730','0','record_in','record_out','record_recv','record_send','-','d','x','f','0','-1','0','','');
INSERT 73731 1
c.将pg_class中的reltype信息更新
UPDATE pg_class SET reltype=73731 WHERE oid = 73730;
d.往pg_attribute跟pg_depend中插入数据
insert into pg_attribute(attrelid , attname , atttypid , attstattarget , attlen , attnum , attndims , attcacheoff , atttypmod , attbyval , attstorage , attalign , attnotnull , atthasdef , attisdropped , attislocal , attinhcount ) values('73730','tableoid','26','0','4','-7','0','-1','-1','t','p','i','t','f','f','t','0');
insert into pg_attribute(attrelid , attname , atttypid , attstattarget , attlen , attnum , attndims , attcacheoff , atttypmod , attbyval , attstorage , attalign , attnotnull , atthasdef , attisdropped , attislocal , attinhcount ) values('73730','cmax','29','0','4','-6','0','-1','-1','t','p','i','t','f','f','t','0');
insert into pg_attribute(attrelid , attname , atttypid , attstattarget , attlen , attnum , attndims , attcacheoff , atttypmod , attbyval , attstorage , attalign , attnotnull , atthasdef , attisdropped , attislocal , attinhcount ) values('73730','xmax','28','0','4','-5','0','-1','-1','t','p','i','t','f','f','t','0');
insert into pg_attribute(attrelid , attname , atttypid , attstattarget , attlen , attnum , attndims , attcacheoff , atttypmod , attbyval , attstorage , attalign , attnotnull , atthasdef , attisdropped , attislocal , attinhcount ) values('73730','cmin','29','0','4','-4','0','-1','-1','t','p','i','t','f','f','t','0');
insert into pg_attribute(attrelid , attname , atttypid , attstattarget , attlen , attnum , attndims , attcacheoff , atttypmod , attbyval , attstorage , attalign , attnotnull , atthasdef , attisdropped , attislocal , attinhcount ) values('73730','xmin','28','0','4','-3','0','-1','-1','t','p','i','t','f','f','t','0');
insert into pg_attribute(attrelid , attname , atttypid , attstattarget , attlen , attnum , attndims , attcacheoff , atttypmod , attbyval , attstorage , attalign , attnotnull , atthasdef , attisdropped , attislocal , attinhcount ) values('73730','ctid','27','0','6','-1','0','-1','-1','f','p','s','t','f','f','t','0');
insert into pg_attribute(attrelid , attname , atttypid , attstattarget , attlen , attnum , attndims , attcacheoff , atttypmod , attbyval , attstorage , attalign , attnotnull , atthasdef , attisdropped , attislocal , attinhcount ) values('73730','a','23','-1','4','1','0','-1','-1','t','p','i','f','f','f','t','0');
insert into pg_depend(classid,objid,objsubid,refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid,deptype) values('1247','73731','0','1259','73730','0','i');
e.查询数据
mysql=# select * from test_cxf;
ERROR: could not open relation 1663/16386/73800: No such file or directory
报错，因为没有数据文件，我们在base目录下touch一个空文件
[mysql@pttest4 base]$ cd 16386
[mysql@pttest4 16386]$ touch 73800
[mysql@pttest4 16386]$ ll 73800
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mysql mysql 0 Dec 1 23:27 73800
简单查询一下数据，做一些数据操作
mysql=# /d test_cxf
Table "public.test_cxf"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+---------+-----------
a | integer |
mysql=# select * from test_cxf;
a
---
(0 rows)
mysql=# insert into test_cxf values(124);
INSERT 0 1
mysql=# insert into test_cxf select * from test_cxf;
INSERT 0 1
mysql=# insert into test_cxf select * from test_cxf;
INSERT 0 2
mysql=# insert into test_cxf select * from test_cxf;
INSERT 0 4
mysql=# select * from test_cxf;
a
-----
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
(8 rows)
mysql=# create index a_index on test_cxf(a);
CREATE INDEX
mysql=# /d test_cxf
Table "public.test_cxf"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+---------+-----------
a | integer |
Indexes:
"a_index" btree (a)
做了一个简单的测试，是可以的
使用这种方法要对数据字典非常数据，我们刚刚只是建了一个简单的表，所涉及的数据字典比较少，如果有分区表，索引表等就会非常复杂了。