SpringBoot 实用的小技巧

其他 2018-10-25 18:10:24 阅读次数: 0

前言

最近分享的一些源码、框架设计的东西。我发现大家热情不是特别高，想想大多数应该还是正儿八经写代码的居多；这次就分享一点接地气的： SpringBoot 使用中的一些小技巧。

算不上多高大上的东西，但都还挺有用。

屏蔽外部依赖

第一个是屏蔽外部依赖，什么意思呢？

比如大家日常开发时候有没有这样的烦恼：

项目是基于 SpringCloud 或者是 dubbo 这样的分布式服务，你需要依赖许多基础服务。

比如说某个订单号的生成、获取用户信息等。

由于服务拆分，这些功能都是在其他应用中以接口的形式提供，单测还好我还可以利用 Mock 把它屏蔽掉。

但如果自己想把应用启动起来同时把自己相关的代码跑一遍呢？

通常有几种做法：

  • 本地把所有的服务都启动起来。
  • 把注册中心换为开发环境，依赖开发环境的服务。
  • 直接把代码推送到开发环境自测。

看起来三种都可以，以前我也是这么干的。但还是有几个小问题：

  • 本地启动有可能服务很多，全部起来电脑能不能撑住还两说，万一服务有问题就进行不下去了。
  • 依赖开发环境的前提是网络打通，还有一个问题就是开发环境代码很不稳定很大可能会影响你的测试。
  • 推送到开发环境应该是比较靠谱的方案，但如果想调试只有日志大法，没有本地 debug 的效率高效。

那如何解决问题呢？既可以在本地调试也不用启动其他服务。

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其实也可以利用单测的做法，把其他外部依赖 Mock 掉就行了。

大致的流程分为以下几步：

  • SpringBoot 启动之后在 Spring 中找出你需要屏蔽的那个 API 的 bean（通常情况下这个接口都是交给 Spring 管理的）。
  • 手动从 bean 容器中删除该 bean。
  • 重新创建一个该 API 的对象，只不过是通过 Mock 出来的。
  • 再手动注册进 bean 容器中。

以下面这段代码为例：

    @Override
    public BaseResponse<OrderNoResVO> getUserByHystrix(@RequestBody UserReqVO userReqVO) {

    OrderNoReqVO vo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">OrderNoReqVO</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    vo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAppId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">123</span>L<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    vo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setReqNo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>userReqVO<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getReqNo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    BaseResponse<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>OrderNoResVO<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> orderNo <span class="token operator">=</span> orderServiceClient<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getOrderNo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>vo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> orderNo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

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这是一个 SpringCloud 应用。

它依赖于 orderServiceClient 获取一个订单号。

其中的 orderServiceClient 就是一个外部 API，也是被 Spring 所管理。

替换原有的 Bean

下一步就是替换原有的 Bean。

@Component
public class OrderMockServiceConfig implements CommandLineRunner {

<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> Logger logger <span class="token operator">=</span> LoggerFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLogger</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>OrderMockServiceConfig<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Autowired</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> ApplicationContext applicationContext<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"${excute.env}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String env<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> strings<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> Exception <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 非本地环境不做处理</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"dev"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>env<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token string">"test"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>env<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token string">"pro"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>env<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>DefaultListableBeanFactory<span class="token punctuation">)</span> applicationContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAutowireCapableBeanFactory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    OrderServiceClient orderServiceClient <span class="token operator">=</span> defaultListableBeanFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>OrderServiceClient<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    logger<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"======orderServiceClient {}====="</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> orderServiceClient<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    defaultListableBeanFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">removeBeanDefinition</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>OrderServiceClient<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getCanonicalName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    OrderServiceClient mockOrderApi <span class="token operator">=</span> PowerMockito<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mock</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>OrderServiceClient<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            invocationOnMock <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> BaseResponse<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createSuccess</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>DateUtil<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLongTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"mock orderNo success"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    defaultListableBeanFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">registerSingleton</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>OrderServiceClient<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getCanonicalName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mockOrderApi<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    logger<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"======mockOrderApi {}====="</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mockOrderApi<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

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其中实现了 CommandLineRunner 接口，可以在 Spring 容器初始化完成之后调用 run() 方法。

代码非常简单，简单来说首先判断下是什么环境，毕竟除开本地环境其余的都是需要真正调用远程服务的。

之后就是获取 bean 然后手动删除掉。

关键的一步：

OrderServiceClient mockOrderApi = PowerMockito.mock(OrderServiceClient.class,
                invocationOnMock -> BaseResponse.createSuccess(DateUtil.getLongTime() + "", "mock orderNo success"));

defaultListableBeanFactory.registerSingleton(OrderServiceClient.class.getCanonicalName(), mockOrderApi);

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创建了一个新的 OrderServiceClient 对象并手动注册进了 Spring 容器中。

第一段代码使用的是 PowerMockito.mock 的 API，他可以创建一个代理对象，让所有调用 OrderServiceClient 的方法都会做默认的返回。

BaseResponse.createSuccess(DateUtil.getLongTime() + "", "mock orderNo success"))

  
  
    
   
   
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测试一下，当我们没有替换时调用刚才那个接口并且本地也没有启动 OrderService：

因为没有配置 fallback 所以会报错，表示找不到这个服务。

替换掉 bean 时：

再次请求没有报错，并且获得了我们默认的返回。

通过日志也会发现 OrderServiceClient 最后已经被 Mock 代理了，并不会去调用真正的方法。

配置加密

下一个则是配置加密，这应该算是一个基本功能。

比如我们配置文件中的一些账号和密码，都应该是密文保存的。

因此这次使用了一个开源组件来实现加密与解密，并且对 SpringBoot 非常友好只需要几段代码即可完成。

  • 首先根据加密密码将需要加密的配置加密为密文。
  • 替换原本明文保存的配置。
  • 再使用时进行解密。

使用该包也只需要引入一个依赖即可：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.ulisesbocchio</groupId>
    <artifactId>jasypt-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>1.14</version>
</dependency>

  
  
    
   
   
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同时写一个单测根据密码生成密文，密码也可保存在配置文件中：

jasypt.encryptor.password=123456

  
  
    
   
   
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接着在单测中生成密文。

    @Autowired
    private StringEncryptor encryptor;

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">getPass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    String name <span class="token operator">=</span> encryptor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encrypt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"userName"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    String password <span class="token operator">=</span> encryptor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encrypt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"password"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"----------------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>password <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"----------------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

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之后只需要使用密文就行。

由于我这里是对数据库用户名和密码加密，所以还得有一个解密的过程。

利用 Spring Bean 的一个增强接口即可实现：

@Component
public class DataSourceProcess implements BeanPostProcessor {

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Autowired</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> StringEncryptor encryptor<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> Object <span class="token function">postProcessBeforeInitialization</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Object bean<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String beanName<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> BeansException <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> bean<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> Object <span class="token function">postProcessAfterInitialization</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Object bean<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String beanName<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> BeansException <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bean <span class="token keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="token class-name">DataSourceProperties</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        DataSourceProperties dataSourceProperties <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>DataSourceProperties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> bean<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        dataSourceProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setUsername</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>encryptor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decrypt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataSourceProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getUsername</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        dataSourceProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setPassword</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>encryptor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decrypt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataSourceProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getPassword</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> dataSourceProperties <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> bean<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

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这样就可以在真正使用时还原为明文。

同时也可以在启动命令中配置刚才的密码：

java -Djasypt.encryptor.password=password -jar target/jasypt-spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

  
  
    
   
   
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总结

这样两个小技巧就讲完了，大家有 SpringBoot 的更多使用技巧欢迎留言讨论。

上文的一些实例代码可以在这里找到：

https://github.com/crossoverJie/springboot-cloud

欢迎关注公众号一起交流：

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