magento是基于zend framework的，所以cache的使用基本也继承了他的一些特性。我们要知道缓存中有几个重要的概念:
数据本身；数据的标识；缓存生命期；缓存操作接口;
Zend_Cache 的使用比较简单, 它可以把数据保存到 File, Memcache, SQLite 等介质(称为后端, Backend)中. 还有前端(Frontend), 主要用来对要缓存的数据进行转换, 如序列化.
Zend Framework 后端主要有
apc (Zend_Cache_Backend_Apc),
files (Zend_Cache_Backend_File),
memcached (Zend_Cache_Backend_Memcached)
and some more..
eaccelarator (Varien_Cache_Backend_Eaccelarator).
数据本身；数据的标识；缓存生命期；缓存操作接口;
Zend_Cache 的使用比较简单, 它可以把数据保存到 File, Memcache, SQLite 等介质(称为后端, Backend)中. 还有前端(Frontend), 主要用来对要缓存的数据进行转换, 如序列化.
Zend Framework 后端主要有
apc (Zend_Cache_Backend_Apc),
files (Zend_Cache_Backend_File),
memcached (Zend_Cache_Backend_Memcached)
and some more..
Magento 增加了几种：
database (Varien_Cache_Backend_Database)eaccelarator (Varien_Cache_Backend_Eaccelarator).
为了更深入的理解magento cache，本文就以缓存某个block为例，分析下他的工作流程和原理。在magento中，所有的block都是继承自Mage_Core_Block_Abstract，当输出某个block到页面时，会调用到这个类的toHtml方法，该方法中有如下code片段：
$html = $this->_loadCache();//加载缓存，假设为第一次加载，还没有被缓存过，进入if代码段
if ($html === false) {
$translate = Mage::getSingleton('core/translate');
/** @var $translate Mage_Core_Model_Translate */
if ($this->hasData('translate_inline')) {
$translate->setTranslateInline($this->getData('translate_inline'));
}
$this->_beforeToHtml();
$html = $this->_toHtml();
$this->_saveCache($html);//这句代码很简单，但却在内部完成了大量的工作，下面进入它内部深入分析
if ($this->hasData('translate_inline')) {
$translate->setTranslateInline(true);
}
}function _saveCache($data)
/**
* Save block content to cache storage
*
* @param string $data
* @return Mage_Core_Block_Abstract
*/
protected function _saveCache($data)
{
if (is_null($this->getCacheLifetime()) || !Mage::app()->useCache(self::CACHE_GROUP)) {
return false;
}
$cacheKey = $this->getCacheKey();
/** @var $session Mage_Core_Model_Session */
$session = Mage::getSingleton('core/session');
$data = str_replace(
$session->getSessionIdQueryParam() . '=' . $session->getEncryptedSessionId(),
$this->_getSidPlaceholder($cacheKey),
$data
);
//可以肯定进入了Mage_Core_Model_App 的function saveCache
Mage::app()->saveCache($data, $cacheKey, $this->getCacheTags(), $this->getCacheLifetime());
return $this;
} /**
* Saving cache data
*
* @param mixed $data
* @param string $id
* @param array $tags
* @return Mage_Core_Model_App
*/
public function saveCache($data, $id, $tags=array(), $lifeTime=false)
{
$this->_cache->save($data, $id, $tags, $lifeTime);
return $this;
} /**
* Initialize application cache instance
*
* @return Mage_Core_Model_App
*/
protected function _initCache()
{
$this->_isCacheLocked = true;
$options = $this->_config->getNode('global/cache');
if ($options) {
$options = $options->asArray();
} else {
$options = array();
}
//实例化Mage_Core_Model_Cache，并传入参数$options
$this->_cache = Mage::getModel('core/cache', $options);
$this->_isCacheLocked = false;
return $this;
}<config>
<global>
<cache>
<backend>apc</backend>
<slow_backend>File</slow_backend>
<auto_refresh_fast_cache>1</auto_refresh_fast_cache>
<prefix>MYSHOP_</prefix>
<default_priority>10</default_priority>
</cache>
</global>
</config> /**
* Save data
*
* @param string $data
* @param string $id
* @param array $tags
* @param int $lifeTime
* @return bool
*/
public function save($data, $id, $tags=array(), $lifeTime=null)
{
/**
* Add global magento cache tag to all cached data exclude config cache
*/
if (!in_array(Mage_Core_Model_Config::CACHE_TAG, $tags)) {
$tags[] = Mage_Core_Model_App::CACHE_TAG;
}
return $this->_frontend->save((string)$data, $this->_id($id), $this->_tags($tags), $lifeTime);
} $backend = $this->_getBackendOptions($options);
$frontend = $this->_getFrontendOptions($options);
$this->_frontend =Zend_Cache::factory('Varien_Cache_Core', $backend['type'], $frontend, $backend['options'],true, true, true); if (($this->_extendedBackend) && ($this->_backendCapabilities['priority'])) {
$result = $this->_backend->save($data, $id, $tags, $specificLifetime, $priority);
} else {
$result = $this->_backend->save($data, $id, $tags, $specificLifetime);
} /**
* Set the backend
*
* @param Zend_Cache_Backend $backendObject
* @throws Zend_Cache_Exception
* @return void
*/
public function setBackend(Zend_Cache_Backend $backendObject)
{
$this->_backend= $backendObject;
// some options (listed in $_directivesList) have to be given
// to the backend too (even if they are not "backend specific")
$directives = array();
foreach (Zend_Cache_Core::$_directivesList as $directive) {
$directives[$directive] = $this->_options[$directive];
}
$this->_backend->setDirectives($directives);
if (in_array('Zend_Cache_Backend_ExtendedInterface', class_implements($this->_backend))) {
$this->_extendedBackend = true;
$this->_backendCapabilities = $this->_backend->getCapabilities();
}
} /**
* Get cache backend options. Result array contain backend type ('type' key) and backend options ('options')
*
* @param array $cacheOptions
* @return array
*/
protected function _getBackendOptions(array $cacheOptions)
{
$enable2levels = false;
$type = isset($cacheOptions['backend']) ? $cacheOptions['backend'] : $this->_defaultBackend;
if (isset($cacheOptions['backend_options']) && is_array($cacheOptions['backend_options'])) {
$options = $cacheOptions['backend_options'];
} else {
$options = array();
}
$backendType = false;
switch (strtolower($type)) {
case 'sqlite':
if (extension_loaded('sqlite') && isset($options['cache_db_complete_path'])) {
$backendType = 'Sqlite';
}
break;
case 'memcached':
if (extension_loaded('memcache')) {
if (isset($cacheOptions['memcached'])) {
$options = $cacheOptions['memcached'];
}
$enable2levels = true;
$backendType = 'Memcached';
}
break;
case 'apc':
if (extension_loaded('apc') && ini_get('apc.enabled')) {
$enable2levels = true;
$backendType = 'Apc';
}
break;
case 'xcache':
if (extension_loaded('xcache')) {
$enable2levels = true;
$backendType = 'Xcache';
}
break;
case 'eaccelerator':
case 'varien_cache_backend_eaccelerator':
if (extension_loaded('eaccelerator') && ini_get('eaccelerator.enable')) {
$enable2levels = true;
$backendType = 'Varien_Cache_Backend_Eaccelerator';
}
break;
case 'database':
$backendType = 'Varien_Cache_Backend_Database';
$options = $this->getDbAdapterOptions();
break;
default:
if ($type != $this->_defaultBackend) {
try {
if (class_exists($type, true)) {
$implements = class_implements($type, true);
if (in_array('Zend_Cache_Backend_Interface', $implements)) {
$backendType = $type;
}
}
} catch (Exception $e) {
}
}
}
if (!$backendType) {
$backendType = $this->_defaultBackend;
foreach ($this->_defaultBackendOptions as $option => $value) {
if (!array_key_exists($option, $options)) {
$options[$option] = $value;
}
}
}
$backendOptions = array('type' => $backendType, 'options' => $options);
if ($enable2levels) {
$backendOptions = $this->_getTwoLevelsBackendOptions($backendOptions, $cacheOptions);
}
return $backendOptions;
}
接着上面的save分析，本例因为backend设置为apc，所以backend最终的type为TwoLevels(apc默认开启TwoLevels)，即调用的是Zend_Cache_Backend_TwoLevels的save 方法；save成功之后，第二次需要输出这个block时，首先会$this->_loadCache()，对于已经缓存过的block，会直接从缓存中取出。
以上就是magento缓存某个block的整个流程，至于具体如何去save，因backend不同会有所不同，可以自行参看源码；clean cache原理类似，不再赘述。
本例以magento 1.5版本为基础进行分析，不同版本code可能会有所不同；
本文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/shangxiaoxue/article/details/7710549