二十九节课预习

Linux集群架构（二）

八、LVS DR模式搭建
九、keepalived + LVS
十、扩展

八、LVS DR模式搭建

1、实验环境：

四台机器：

client: 192.168.76.150

Director节点： (ens32 192.168.76.155 vip ens32:0 192.168.76.158)

Real server1： (ens32 192.168.76.156 vip lo:0 192.168.76.158)

Real server2： (ens32 192.168.76.157 vip lo:0 192.168.76.158)

2、安装

//两台real server需安装web服务。之前已经装过，略过//在director安装ipvsadm软件包，可参考lvs nat部分

[root@lvs-dr ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm

3、在director上配置脚本

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh

#!/bin/bash

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_feorward

ipv=/usr/sbin/ipvsadm

vip=192.168.76.158

rs1=192.168.76.156

rs2=192.168.76.157

ifconfig ens32:0 $vip broadcast $vip netmask 255.255.255.255 up

route add -host $vip dev ens32:0$ipv -C$ipv -A -t $vip:80 -s rr$ipv -a -t $vip:80 -r $rs1:80 -g -w 3$ipv -a -t $vip:80 -r $rs2:80 -g -w 1

//赋予755权限，

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh

//执行脚本

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh

//查看状态

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh^C

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags

-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

TCP 192.168.76.158:80 rr

-> 192.168.76.156:80 Route 3 0 0

-> 192.168.76.157:80 Route 1 0 0

4、在两台real server配置脚本

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr-rs.sh

#!/bin/bash

vip=192.168.76.158

ifconfig lo:0 $vip broadcast $vip netmask 255.255.255.255 up

route add -host $vip lo:0

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

//赋予755权限，然后执行

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr-rs.sh

//执行

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr-rs.sh

5、测试

//当前采用的是rr调度算法

Last login: Mon Jul 23 14:47:55 2018

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a2:07:b1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.76.150/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global ens32

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea2:7b1/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

九、keepalived + LVS

LVS可以实现负载均衡，但是不能够进行健康检查，如一个rs出现故障，LVS 仍然会把请求转发给故障的rs服务器，这就会导致请求的无效性。keepalive 软件可以进行健康检查，而且能同时实现 LVS 的高可用性，解决 LVS 单点故障的问题，其实 keepalive 就是为 LVS 而生的。

1、实验环境

4台节点

Keepalived1 + lvs1(Director1)：192.168.76.155
Keepalived2 + lvs2(Director2)：192.168.76.159
Real server1：192.168.76.156
Real server2：192.168.76.157
VIP:192.168.76.158

2.软件安装

//Keepalived + lvs两个节点安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum install ipvsadm keepalived -y

//两个read server安装nignx, 之前环境已经安装过，此处略

3.设置配置脚本

//两台real server节点建立脚本

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr-rs.sh#!/bin/bash

vip=192.168.76.158

ifconfig lo:0 $vip broadcast $vip netmask 255.255.255.255 up

route add -host $vip lo:0

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

//赋予755权限，然后执行

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr-rs.sh

//执行

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr-rs.sh

//两台keepalived节点配置

//master节点配置文件

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

#备用服务器上为 BACKUP

state MASTER

interface ens32

virtual_router_id 51

#备用服务器上为90

priority 100

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass aminglinux

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.76.158

}

virtual_server 192.168.76.158 80 {

#(每隔10秒查询realserver状态)

delay_loop 10

#(lvs 算法)

lb_algo wrr

#(DR模式)

lb_kind DR

#(同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台realserver)

#实验环境注释掉，不然看不到rr的效果

#persistence_timeout 60

#(用TCP协议检查realserver状态)

protocol TCP

real_server 192.168.76.156 80 {

#(权重)

weight 1

TCP_CHECK {

#(10秒无响应超时)

connect_timeout 10

nb_get_retry 3

delay_before_retry 3

connect_port 80

}

real_server 192.168.76.157 80 {

weight 1

TCP_CHECK {

connect_timeout 10

nb_get_retry 3

delay_before_retry 3

connect_port 80

}

//backup节点

[root@lvs-backend2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

#备用服务器上为 BACKUP

state BACKUP

interface ens32

virtual_router_id 51

priority 90

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass aminglinux

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.76.158

}

virtual_server 192.168.76.158 80 {

#(每隔10秒查询realserver状态)

delay_loop 10

#(lvs 算法)

lb_algo rr

#(DR模式)

lb_kind DR

#(同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台realserver)

#persistence_timeout 60

#(用TCP协议检查realserver状态)

protocol TCP

real_server 192.168.76.156 80 {

#(权重)

weight 1

TCP_CHECK {

#(10秒无响应超时)

connect_timeout 10

nb_get_retry 3

delay_before_retry 3

connect_port 80

}

real_server 192.168.76.157 80 {

weight 1

TCP_CHECK {

connect_timeout 10

nb_get_retry 3

delay_before_retry 3

connect_port 80

}

4.在keepalived两个节点开启转发功能

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

5.在两个节点启动keepalive,

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service

[root@lvs-dr2 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service

6.测试

//测试1：手动关闭192.168.76.156节点的nginx，在客户端上去测试访问

//在192.168.76.156上操作

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# lsof -i :80

//在192.168.76.150客户端上测试

Last login: Mon Jul 23 14:49:10 2018 from 10.0.1.229

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!//结果正常，不会出现访问192.168.76.156节点，一直访问的是192.168.76.157节点的内容。

//测试2 手动重新开启 192.168.76.156 节点的nginx，在客户端上去测试访问

//在192.168.76.156上操作

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# lsof -i :80

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

[root@lvs-backend1 ~]# lsof -i :80

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

nginx 2969 root 6u IPv4 48805 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)

nginx 2970 nginx 6u IPv4 48805 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)

nginx 2971 nginx 6u IPv4 48805 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)

//在192.168.76.150上测试

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

//结果正常，按照 rr 调度算法访问192.168.76.156节点和192.168.76.157节点内容。

//测试 keepalived 的HA特性

//ip addr查看，此时192.168.76.158的vip在主上

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:85:24:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.76.155/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global ens32

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet 192.168.76.158/32 scope global ens32

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe85:248c/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

//停止master上的keepalived

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]#

//在dr2上查看，vip抢占过来了

[root@lvs-dr2 ~]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:53:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.76.159/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global ens32

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet 192.168.76.158/32 scope global ens32

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::c388:e67a:4ac3:6566/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

//在192.168.76.150上测试

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am Lvs-backend1!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

I am lvs-backend2!!!

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.76.158

//可以正常访问后端的网站,验证了keepalived的特性

//重新开启master上的keepalived

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service

[root@lvs-dr1 ~]# ip add1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:85:24:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.76.155/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global ens32

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet 192.168.76.158/32 scope global ens32

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe85:248c/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

十、扩展

heartbeat和keepalived比较

http://blog.csdn.net/yunhua_lee/article/details/9788433

DRBD工作原理和配置

http://502245466.blog.51cto.com/7559397/1298945

mysql+keepalived

http://lizhenliang.blog.51cto.com/7876557/1362313

lvs 三种模式详解

http://www.it165.net/admin/html/201401/2248.html

lvs几种算法

http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/thread-7407-1-1.html

关于arp_ignore和 arp_announce

http://www.cnblogs.com/lgfeng/archive/2012/10/16/2726308.html

lvs原理相关的

http://blog.csdn.net/pi9nc/article/details/23380589

haproxy+keepalived

http://blog.csdn.net/xrt95050/article/details/40926255

nginx、lvs、haproxy比较

http://www.csdn.net/article/2014-07-24/2820837

keepalived中自定义脚本 vrrp_script

http://my.oschina.net/hncscwc/blog/158746

lvs dr模式只使用一个公网ip的实现方法

http://storysky.blog.51cto.com/628458/338726

Linux集群架构（二）

八、LVS DR模式搭建

九、keepalived + LVS

十、扩展

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