常用方法：
1，字符串中包含的字符数，也就是字符串的长度：int length（）
2，根据位置获取位置上的某个字符：char charAt（int index）
3，根据字符获取该字符在字符串中的位置： int indexof（String str）;int indexof（String str，int fromIndex）
4，字符串中是否包含某一个子串：boolean contains(str)
5，字符串中是否有内容：boolean isEmpty()
6，字符串是否是以指定内容开头：boolean startWith(str)
7，字符串是否是以指定内容结尾：boolean endWith(str)
8，判断字符串的内容是否相同：boolean equals(str)
9，判断内容是否相同，并忽略大小写：boolean equalsIgnoreCsae()
10， 将字符数组转成字符串：static String copyValue(char[]); static String valueof(char[]);
11，将字符串转成字符数组：char[] toCharArray（）
12，将字符串转换成字节数组：byte[] getBytes();
13，将基本数据类型转成字符串：static String valueof(int) ...
14，替换字符串：String replace(oldchar,newchar)
15，把该字符切割，然后将每一部分组装成数组：String[] split(regex);
16，截取子串：String substring(begin);String substring(begin,end); 注：包含头，不包含尾
17，将字符串转成大写或者小写 ：String toUppercase(); String toLowercase();
18，将字符串两端多余的空格去除：String trim();
部分源码如下：
/**
* @author Lee Boynton
* @author Arthur van Hoff
* @author Martin Buchholz
* @author Ulf Zibis
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final class String
implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {
/** The value is used for character storage. */
private final char value[];
/** Cache the hash code for the string */
private int hash; // Default to 0
/** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6849794470754667710L;
private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
new ObjectStreamField[0];
public String() {
this.value = "".value;
}
/**
* 字符串的长度
*/
public int length() {
return value.length;
}
/**
* 判断长度是否为0
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public boolean isEmpty() {
return value.length == 0;
}
/**
* 获取位置上的某个字符,取数组值
*/
public char charAt(int index) {
if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return value[index];
}
/**
* 将此 String编码为字节序列，将结果存储到新的字节数组中。
*
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public byte[] getBytes(String charsetName)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (charsetName == null) throw new NullPointerException();
return StringCoding.encode(charsetName, value, 0, value.length);
}
/**
* @since 1.6
*/
public byte[] getBytes(Charset charset) {
if (charset == null) throw new NullPointerException();
return StringCoding.encode(charset, value, 0, value.length);
}
/**
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public byte[] getBytes() {
return StringCoding.encode(value, 0, value.length);
}
/**
* 判断地址是否一样，一样则为同一个对象，为true；或者判断是否是同一个类或子类，再比较每一个字符，都相同则为true
*/
public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
if (this == anObject) {
return true;
}
if (anObject instanceof String) {
String anotherString = (String)anObject;
int n = value.length;
if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int i = 0;
while (n-- != 0) {
if (v1[i] != v2[i])
return false;
i++;
}
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean contentEquals(StringBuffer sb) {
return contentEquals((CharSequence)sb);
}
private boolean nonSyncContentEquals(AbstractStringBuilder sb) {
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = sb.getValue();
int n = v1.length;
if (n != sb.length()) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (v1[i] != v2[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* @since 1.5
*/
public boolean contentEquals(CharSequence cs) {
// Argument is a StringBuffer, StringBuilder
if (cs instanceof AbstractStringBuilder) {
if (cs instanceof StringBuffer) {
synchronized(cs) {
return nonSyncContentEquals((AbstractStringBuilder)cs);
}
} else {
return nonSyncContentEquals((AbstractStringBuilder)cs);
}
}
// Argument is a String
if (cs instanceof String) {
return equals(cs);
}
// Argument is a generic CharSequence
char v1[] = value;
int n = v1.length;
if (n != cs.length()) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (v1[i] != cs.charAt(i)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 比较时忽略大小写
*/
public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) {
return (this == anotherString) ? true
: (anotherString != null)
&& (anotherString.value.length == value.length)
&& regionMatches(true, 0, anotherString, 0, value.length);
}
public boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset,
String other, int ooffset, int len) {
char ta[] = value;
int to = toffset;
char pa[] = other.value;
int po = ooffset;
// Note: toffset, ooffset, or len might be near -1>>>1.
if ((ooffset < 0) || (toffset < 0)
|| (toffset > (long)value.length - len)
|| (ooffset > (long)other.value.length - len)) {
return false;
}
while (len-- > 0) {
char c1 = ta[to++];
char c2 = pa[po++];
if (c1 == c2) {
continue;
}
if (ignoreCase) {
// If characters don't match but case may be ignored,
// try converting both characters to uppercase.
// If the results match, then the comparison scan should
// continue.
char u1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
char u2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
if (u1 == u2) {
continue;
}
// Unfortunately, conversion to uppercase does not work properly
// for the Georgian alphabet, which has strange rules about case
// conversion. So we need to make one last check before
// exiting.
if (Character.toLowerCase(u1) == Character.toLowerCase(u2)) {
continue;
}
}
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
*
*/
public int compareTo(String anotherString) {
int len1 = value.length;
int len2 = anotherString.value.length;
int lim = Math.min(len1, len2);
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int k = 0;
while (k < lim) {
char c1 = v1[k];
char c2 = v2[k];
if (c1 != c2) {
return c1 - c2;
}
k++;
}
return len1 - len2;
}
/**
*
* @since 1.2
*/
public static final Comparator<String> CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
= new CaseInsensitiveComparator();
private static class CaseInsensitiveComparator
implements Comparator<String>, java.io.Serializable {
// use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.2.2 for interoperability
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8575799808933029326L;
public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
int n1 = s1.length();
int n2 = s2.length();
int min = Math.min(n1, n2);
for (int i = 0; i < min; i++) {
char c1 = s1.charAt(i);
char c2 = s2.charAt(i);
if (c1 != c2) {
c1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
c2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
if (c1 != c2) {
c1 = Character.toLowerCase(c1);
c2 = Character.toLowerCase(c2);
if (c1 != c2) {
// No overflow because of numeric promotion
return c1 - c2;
}
}
}
}
return n1 - n2;
}
/** Replaces the de-serialized object. */
private Object readResolve() { return CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER; }
}
/**
*
* @since 1.2
*/
public int compareToIgnoreCase(String str) {
return CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER.compare(this, str);
}
/**
* 区域匹配
*/
public boolean regionMatches(int toffset, String other, int ooffset,
int len) {
char ta[] = value;
int to = toffset;
char pa[] = other.value;
int po = ooffset;
// Note: toffset, ooffset, or len might be near -1>>>1.
if ((ooffset < 0) || (toffset < 0)
|| (toffset > (long)value.length - len)
|| (ooffset > (long)other.value.length - len)) {
return false;
}
while (len-- > 0) {
if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 在指定索引处开始的，此字符串的子字符串，是否以指定的前缀开头。
*/
public boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) {
char ta[] = value;
int to = toffset;
char pa[] = prefix.value;
int po = 0;
int pc = prefix.value.length;
// Note: toffset might be near -1>>>1.
if ((toffset < 0) || (toffset > value.length - pc)) {
return false;
}
while (--pc >= 0) {
if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 此字符串是否以指定的前缀开头。
* @since 1. 0
*/
public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
return startsWith(prefix, 0);
}
public boolean endsWith(String suffix) {
return startsWith(suffix, value.length - suffix.value.length);
}
/**
* 返回此字符串的哈希码。
*/
public int hashCode() {
int h = hash;
if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) {
char val[] = value;
for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
h = 31 * h + val[i];
}
hash = h;
}
return h;
}
/**
* 返回指定子字符串第一次出现的字符串内的索引。
*/
public int indexOf(String str) {
return indexOf(str, 0);
}
public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
return indexOf(value, 0, value.length,
str.value, 0, str.value.length, fromIndex);
}
public int lastIndexOf(String str) {
return lastIndexOf(str, value.length);
}
public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
return lastIndexOf(value, 0, value.length,
str.value, 0, str.value.length, fromIndex);
}
/**
* 返回一个字符串，该字符串是此字符串的子字符串，重新new对象。
*/
public String substring(int beginIndex) {
if (beginIndex < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
}
int subLen = value.length - beginIndex;
if (subLen < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);
}
return (beginIndex == 0) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);
}
public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
if (beginIndex < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
}
if (endIndex > value.length) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex);
}
int subLen = endIndex - beginIndex;
if (subLen < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);
}
return ((beginIndex == 0) && (endIndex == value.length)) ? this
: new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);
}
/**
* 例如"abc".replace("a","b")；将a替换为b，返回bbc
*/
public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) {
if (oldChar != newChar) {
int len = value.length;
int i = -1;
char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
while (++i < len) {
if (val[i] == oldChar) {
break;
}
}
if (i < len) {
char buf[] = new char[len];
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
buf[j] = val[j];
}
while (i < len) {
char c = val[i];
buf[i] = (c == oldChar) ? newChar : c;
i++;
}
return new String(buf, true);
}
}
return this;
}
/**
* 这个字符串是否匹配，给定的 regular expression（正则表达式）。
* @since 1.4
* @spec JSR-51
*/
public boolean matches(String regex) {
return Pattern.matches(regex, this);
}
/**
* 当且仅当此字符串包含指定的char值序列时才返回true。例如boolean flag = "abcd".contains("d");返回true
* @since 1.5
*/
public boolean contains(CharSequence s) {
return indexOf(s.toString()) > -1;
}
/**
*
* @since 1.4
* @spec JSR-51
*/
public String replaceAll(String regex, String replacement) {
return Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceAll(replacement);
}
/**
* 将此字符串分割为给定的 regular expression的匹配。
* @since 1.4
* @spec JSR-51
*/
public String[] split(String regex, int limit) {
/* fastpath if the regex is a
(1)one-char String and this character is not one of the
RegEx's meta characters ".$|()[{^?*+\\", or
(2)two-char String and the first char is the backslash and
the second is not the ascii digit or ascii letter.
*/
char ch = 0;
if (((regex.value.length == 1 &&
".$|()[{^?*+\\".indexOf(ch = regex.charAt(0)) == -1) ||
(regex.length() == 2 &&
regex.charAt(0) == '\\' &&
(((ch = regex.charAt(1))-'0')|('9'-ch)) < 0 &&
((ch-'a')|('z'-ch)) < 0 &&
((ch-'A')|('Z'-ch)) < 0)) &&
(ch < Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE ||
ch > Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE))
{
int off = 0;
int next = 0;
boolean limited = limit > 0;
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
while ((next = indexOf(ch, off)) != -1) {
if (!limited || list.size() < limit - 1) {
list.add(substring(off, next));
off = next + 1;
} else { // last one
//assert (list.size() == limit - 1);
list.add(substring(off, value.length));
off = value.length;
break;
}
}
// If no match was found, return this
if (off == 0)
return new String[]{this};
// Add remaining segment
if (!limited || list.size() < limit)
list.add(substring(off, value.length));
// Construct result
int resultSize = list.size();
if (limit == 0) {
while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {
resultSize--;
}
}
String[] result = new String[resultSize];
return list.subList(0, resultSize).toArray(result);
}
return Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit);
}
/**
* @since 1.4
* @spec JSR-51
*/
public String[] split(String regex) {
return split(regex, 0);
}
/**
* 例如：
* String message = String.join("-", "Java", "is", "cool");
* message returned is: "Java-is-cool"
* @see java.util.StringJoiner
* @since 1.8
*/
public static String join(CharSequence delimiter, CharSequence... elements) {
Objects.requireNonNull(delimiter);
Objects.requireNonNull(elements);
// Number of elements not likely worth Arrays.stream overhead.
StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(delimiter);
for (CharSequence cs: elements) {
joiner.add(cs);
}
return joiner.toString();
}
/**
* @since 1.8
*/
public static String join(CharSequence delimiter,
Iterable<? extends CharSequence> elements) {
Objects.requireNonNull(delimiter);
Objects.requireNonNull(elements);
StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(delimiter);
for (CharSequence cs: elements) {
joiner.add(cs);
}
return joiner.toString();
}
/**
* 将所有在此字符 String使用默认语言环境的规则，以小写。
* @since 1.1
*/
public String toLowerCase() {
return toLowerCase(Locale.getDefault());
}
/**
* 转大写
* @since 1.1
*/
public String toUpperCase() {
return toUpperCase(Locale.getDefault());
}
/**
* 去空格
* 返回一个字符串，其值为此字符串，并删除任何前导和尾随空格。
*/
public String trim() {
int len = value.length;
int st = 0;
char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
while ((st < len) && (val[st] <= ' ')) {
st++;
}
while ((st < len) && (val[len - 1] <= ' ')) {
len--;
}
return ((st > 0) || (len < value.length)) ? substring(st, len) : this;
}
/**
* This object (which is already a string!) is itself returned.
*
* @return the string itself.
*/
public String toString() {
return this;
}
/**
* 将此字符串转换为新的字符数组。
*/
public char[] toCharArray() {
// Cannot use Arrays.copyOf because of class initialization order issues
char result[] = new char[value.length];
System.arraycopy(value, 0, result, 0, value.length);
return result;
}
/**
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public static String format(String format, Object... args) {
return new Formatter().format(format, args).toString();
}
/**
* 返回对应参数的字符串形式。
*/
public static String valueOf(Object obj) {
return (obj == null) ? "null" : obj.toString();
}
public static String valueOf(char data[]) {
return new String(data);
}
public static String valueOf(char data[], int offset, int count) {
return new String(data, offset, count);
}
/**
* 相当于 valueOf(char[], int, int) 。
*/
public static String copyValueOf(char data[], int offset, int count) {
return new String(data, offset, count);
}
public static String copyValueOf(char data[]) {
return new String(data);
}
public static String valueOf(boolean b) {
return b ? "true" : "false";
}
public static String valueOf(char c) {
char data[] = {c};
return new String(data, true);
}
public static String valueOf(int i) {
return Integer.toString(i);
}
public static String valueOf(long l) {
return Long.toString(l);
}
public static String valueOf(float f) {
return Float.toString(f);
}
public static String valueOf(double d) {
return Double.toString(d);
}
/**
* 调用这个方法之后把字符串对象加入常量池中
如：
String str1 = "aaa";
String str2 = "bbb";
String str3 = "aaabbb";
String str4 = str1 + str2;
String str5 = "aaa" + "bbb";
System.out.println(str3 == str4); // false
System.out.println(str3 == str4.intern()); // true
System.out.println(str3 == str5);// true
1.直接定义字符串变量的时候赋值，如果表达式右边只有字符串常量，那么就是把变量存放在常量池里面。
2.new出来的字符串是存放在堆里面。
3.对字符串进行拼接操作，也就是做"+"运算的时候，分2中情况：
i.表达式右边是纯字符串常量，那么存放在栈里面。
ii.表达式右边如果存在字符串引用，也就是字符串对象的句柄，那么就存放在堆里面。
str1、str2、str3、str5都是存在于常量池，str4由于表达式右半边有引用类型，所以str4存在于堆内存，而str5表达式右边没有引用类型，是纯字符串常量，就存放在了常量池里面。
*/
public native String intern();
}