不同版本数据库,不同平台的迁移!使用表空间传输技术
环境:rhel6.5+oracle10g64bit windows+oracle11g32bit
准备工作:
要想使用传输表空间，必须满足以下几个条件：
1.源与目标库都必须大于8i；
2.对于低于10G的版本，源与目标库必须为统一平台；
3.自包含：可以通过以下语句予以检测：
本例子:使用新建tts表空间,将scott用户的信息修改到tts表空间.创建tts01表空间,将pk_emp,pk_dept索引修改到tt01表空间.
然后使用表空间传输技术,从linux平台迁移到windows平台
linux平台
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL>
windows平台
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL>
1.创建tts,tts01表空间
SQL> create tablespace tts datafile '/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/tts.dbf' size 5m autoextend on next 1m maxsize unlimited;
Tablespace created.
SQL> create tablespace tts01 datafile '/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/tts01.dbf' size 2m autoextend on next 1m;
Tablespace created.
SQL>
2.修改scott的表空间
SQL> select username,default_tablespace from dba_users where username='SCOTT';
USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SCOTT USERS
SQL> alter user scott default tablespace tts; ------------修改scott用户的表空间
User altered.
SQL> select username,default_tablespace from dba_users where username='SCOTT';
USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SCOTT TTS
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT';
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SALGRADE USERS
DEPT USERS
EMP USERS
BONUS USERS
SQL> alter table scott.salgrade move tablespace tts; ----修改表的表空间,可以使用该方法降低高水位,另外一种方法alter table table_name shrink space;
Table altered.
SQL> alter table scott.dept move tablespace tts;
Table altered.
SQL> alter table scott.emp move tablespace tts;
Table altered.
SQL> alter table scott.bonus move tablespace tts;
Table altered.
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT';
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
DEPT TTS
EMP TTS
SALGRADE TTS
BONUS TTS
SQL> select index_name,tablespace_name from dba_indexes where owner='SCOTT';
INDEX_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
PK_DEPT USERS
PK_EMP USERS
SQL> alter index scott.pk_emp rebuild online tablespace tts01;
Index altered.
SQL> alter index scott.pk_dept rebuild online tablespace tts01;
Index altered.
SQL> select index_name,tablespace_name from dba_indexes where owner='SCOTT';
INDEX_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
PK_DEPT TTS01
PK_EMP TTS01
SQL>
开始实验：
1.自包含的检查，传输表空间不要包含sys的对象:
SQL> exec dbms_tts.transport_set_check('TTS',true);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * from transport_set_violations;
VIOLATIONS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index SCOTT.PK_DEPT in tablespace TTS01 enforces primary constriants of table SCOTT.DEPT in tablespace TTS
Index SCOTT.PK_EMP in tablespace TTS01 enforces primary constriants of table SCOTT.EMP in tablespace TTS
SQL>
2.将表空间设置为read only，然后执行导出
SQL> alter tablespace tts read only; -------根据具体业务，表空间是否能够置为read only
Tablespace altered.
SQL> alter tablespace tts01 read only;
Tablespace altered.
SQL>
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$ exp \'/ as sysdba\' tablespaces=tts file='/tmp/tts.dmp' transport_tablespace=y log=tts.log
Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 16 20:55:08 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export transportable tablespace metadata...
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 29341 encountered
ORA-29341: The transportable set is not self-contained ------没有自包含，考虑将tts，tts01表空一起导出
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_PLUGTS", line 1387
ORA-06512: at line 1
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$ exp \'/ as sysdba\' tablespaces=tts,tts01 file='/tmp/20160116.dmp' transport_tablespace=y log=20160116.log
Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 16 21:00:45 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export transportable tablespace metadata...
For tablespace TTS ...
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. . exporting table SALGRADE
. . exporting table DEPT
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
----这个错误是因为没有设置NLS_LANG环境变量导致的错误！查看数据库，然后设置环境变量
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
SQL>
linux设置
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$ echo $NLS_LANG
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$ echo $NLS_LANG
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$
windows设置
set NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
. . exporting table EMP
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table BONUS
For tablespace TTS01 ...
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. end transportable tablespace metadata export
Export terminated successfully with warnings.
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$ exp \'/ as sysdba\' tablespaces=tts,tts01 file='/tmp/20160116.dmp' transport_tablespace=y log=20160116.log
Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 16 20:59:08 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export transportable tablespace metadata...
For tablespace TTS ...
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. . exporting table SALGRADE
. . exporting table DEPT
. . exporting table EMP
. . exporting table BONUS
For tablespace TTS01 ...
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. end transportable tablespace metadata export
Export terminated successfully without warnings. ----导出成功
[oracle@dg1 tmp]$
3.使用rman中的convent，转换一下平台
SQL> select * from v$db_transportable_platform; ------查看数据支持的那些平台的转换
PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
----------- ---------------------------------------- --------------
7 Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit) Little
10 Linux IA (32-bit) Little
5 HP Tru64 UNIX Little
11 Linux IA (64-bit) Little
15 HP Open VMS Little
8 Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit) Little
13 Linux 64-bit for AMD Little
12 Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMD Little
17 Solaris Operating System (x86) Little
9 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> ho rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 16 21:15:01 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: DG (DBID=1814215426)
RMAN> convert tablespace tts to platform 'Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit)' db_file_name_convert('/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/tts.dbf','/tmp/tts.dbf');
Starting backup at 16-JAN-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=147 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/tts.dbf
converted datafile=/tmp/tts.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 16-JAN-16
RMAN> convert tablespace tts01 to platform 'Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit)' db_file_name_convert('/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/tts01.dbf','/tmp/tts01.dbf');
Starting backup at 16-JAN-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input datafile fno=00006 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/tts01.dbf
converted datafile=/tmp/tts01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 16-JAN-16
RMAN>
4.使用ftp/或者samba服务器等，将exp的dmp文件和rman转换dbf文件传输到windows
作者采用windows共享，linux直接放文件到共享文件夹中，类似samba共享
[root@dg1 tmp]# mount -o username=administrator%1 //30.30.30.1/oracle /mnt
SQL> grant resource,connect to scott identified by 1; -------在windows平台建立对应的用户
Grant succeeded.
SQL>
5.执行传输表空间导入
C:\Users\Administrator>imp '/ as sysdba' file=D:\aaa\tts\20160116.dmp datafiles=D:\aaa\tts\tts.dbf,D:\
aaa\tts\tts01.dbf transport_tablespace=y;
Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 16 21:42:57 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
About to import transportable tablespace(s) metadata...
import done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. . importing table "SALGRADE"
. . importing table "DEPT"
. . importing table "EMP"
. . importing table "BONUS"
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus scott/1
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jan 16 21:44:09 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT'; 可以查看表
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SALGRADE TTS
DEPT TTS
EMP TTS
BONUS TTS
SQL>
SQL> select index_name,tablespace_name from dba_indexes where owner='SCOTT'; 可以查看索引
INDEX_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ --------------------
PK_DEPT TTS01
PK_EMP TTS01
SQL>
SQL> select file#,ts#,checkpoint_change#,name from v$datafile_header;
FILE# TS# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
1 0 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\O1_MF_SYSTEM_BY0T4NRC_.DBF
2 1 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\O1_MF_SYSAUX_BY0T4NSB_.DBF
3 2 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\O1_MF_UNDOTBS1_BY0T4NSB_.DBF
4 4 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\O1_MF_USERS_BY0T4NST_.DBF
5 5 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\UNDOTBS2.DBF
6 7 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\GGDATA.DBF
7 6 757451 D:\AAA\TTS\TTS.DBF ------通过该文件的checkpoint_change#,就是scn。发现和数据库中原有的scn都会有一些变化，也会有一些体现
8 8 757463 D:\AAA\TTS\TTS01.DBF
11 14 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\R1.DBF
12 15 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\R2.DBF
13 16 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\R3.DBF
14 17 12434384 D:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\DATAFILE\R4.DBF
12 rows selected.
SQL>
后续工作：检查trigger的可用性，索引的可用性等，考虑oracle性能升级后是否降低，并确定性能降低的原因
总结：
表空间传输适用于数据量较小的数据库操作，如果数据量比较大，有TB的级别，考虑搭建DG