mysql中文乱码归纳总结

今天使用sqlalchemy往mysql数据库里插入数据的时候，发生了错误，因为字段包含中文，所以报错。在问题解决之后做一个总结。

 

mysql中文乱码包括几个方面。mysql服务器层面、mysql数据库层面、客户端层面、表层面。所以要解决mysql的中文乱码，需要从这几个层面入手。

 

1.在创建表的时候指定编码格式

 

创建测试用表，填充数据，插入中文报错

mysql> create table test(
    -> id int,
    -> name varchar(20),
    -> primary key(id)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> insert into test(id, name) values(1, "你好");
ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xC4\xE3\xBA\xC3' for column 'name' at row 1

 

查看表字符编码，可以看到字符编码是latin1

mysql> show create table test \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: test
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

创建另一个测试用表，指定编码格式

mysql> CREATE TABLE XXX(
    ->   `id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
    ->   `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf-8
    -> ;

mysql> insert into XXX(id, name) values(1, "你好");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

 

2.在创建数据库时指定编码格式

mysql> create database mydb character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

这样在mydb数据库里创建的表默认都是utf8格式的编码

 

 

3.在当前会话中更改编码格式

 

查看数据库编码

mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                   |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_connection | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                                                  |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                  |
| character_set_results    | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                                                  |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                    |
| character_sets_dir       | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改字符编码

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                   |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_connection | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                  |
| character_set_results    | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                    |
| character_sets_dir       | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

可以看到，在上面的命令起作用之后，character_set_server和character_set_database的编码格式都变成了utf8，也就是说，mysql服务器和数据库的字符编码都是utf8了。但是要注意的是这个命令只对当前的会话起作用。

 

4.修改my.ini配置文件，一劳永逸解决mysql中文乱码的问题

 

找到my.ini配置文件，windows系统下mysql的my.ini文件放在mysql安装目录的根目录下，做出下面的修改。

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
 
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

重启mysql，进入mysql查看字符集

mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                   |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_connection | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                  |
| character_set_results    | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                    |
| character_sets_dir       | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)