【JVM】方法字节码signature和descriptor的区别

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一、概述

    在用asm或javassist动态生成字节码的时候,需要了解字节码的内容。

    descriptor:主要是对方法参数和返回值进行描述;

    signature:泛型中才会将该属性编译进字节码文件,JDK 1.5才加入,除了方法参数和返回值,还包含了泛型信息;


二、补充

    为了能够理解第三部分例子中字节码的描述,补充一下java中涉及的数据类型及其含义。

    java中的数据类型应该是有三处,一是字节码指令中的数据类型,二是字节码文件中字段和方法的描述符(不带泛型信息)或签名(带泛型信息)的数据类型,三是java语法规范中的数据类型。

1. 字节码指令中的数据类型:

对于大部分为与数据类型相关的字节码指令,他们的操作码助记符中都有特殊的字符来表明专
门为哪种数据类型服务:i 代表对 int 类型的数据操作,l 代表 long,s 代表 short,b 代表 byte,
c 代表 char,f 代表 float,d 代表 double,a 代表 reference。

2. 字段和方法中描述符或签名的数据类型:

BaseType: 
  B 
  C 
  D 
  F 
  I 
  J 
  S 
  Z 
ObjectType: 
  L Classname ; 
ArrayType: 
  [ ComponentType


3. java语法规范中的数据类型:这个大家都熟悉,基本类型和引用类型,就直接略了;


三、例证

java代码:

package generic;

public class Box<M> {
	private M t;

	public Box(M t) {
		this.t = t;
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("hiding")
	public <M> void showMsg(M m) {
		System.out.println(m);
	}

	public void show(M t) {
		System.out.println(t);
	}
}

对应的字节码:

public class generic.Box<M extends java.lang.Object> extends java.lang.Object
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
   #1 = Class              #2             // generic/Box
   #2 = Utf8               generic/Box
   #3 = Class              #4             // java/lang/Object
   #4 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
   #5 = Utf8               t
   #6 = Utf8               Ljava/lang/Object;
   #7 = Utf8               Signature
   #8 = Utf8               TM;
   #9 = Utf8               <init>
  #10 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
  #11 = Utf8               (TM;)V
  #12 = Utf8               Code
  #13 = Methodref          #3.#14         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
  #14 = NameAndType        #9:#15         // "<init>":()V
  #15 = Utf8               ()V
  #16 = Fieldref           #1.#17         // generic/Box.t:Ljava/lang/Object;
  #17 = NameAndType        #5:#6          // t:Ljava/lang/Object;
  #18 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #19 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #20 = Utf8               this
  #21 = Utf8               Lgeneric/Box;
  #22 = Utf8               LocalVariableTypeTable
  #23 = Utf8               Lgeneric/Box<TM;>;
  #24 = Utf8               showMsg
  #25 = Utf8               <M:Ljava/lang/Object;>(TM;)V
  #26 = Fieldref           #27.#29        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #27 = Class              #28            // java/lang/System
  #28 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #29 = NameAndType        #30:#31        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #30 = Utf8               out
  #31 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #32 = Methodref          #33.#35        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
  #33 = Class              #34            // java/io/PrintStream
  #34 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #35 = NameAndType        #36:#10        // println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
  #36 = Utf8               println
  #37 = Utf8               m
  #38 = Utf8               show
  #39 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #40 = Utf8               Box.java
  #41 = Utf8               <M:Ljava/lang/Object;>Ljava/lang/Object;
{
  public generic.Box(M);
    descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Signature: #11                          // (TM;)V
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #13                 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: aload_0
         5: aload_1
         6: putfield      #16                 // Field t:Ljava/lang/Object;
         9: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 6: 0
        line 7: 4
        line 8: 9
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0      10     0  this   Lgeneric/Box;
            0      10     1     t   Ljava/lang/Object;
      LocalVariableTypeTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0      10     0  this   Lgeneric/Box<TM;>;
            0      10     1     t   TM;

  public <M extends java.lang.Object> void showMsg(M);
    descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Signature: #25                          // <M:Ljava/lang/Object;>(TM;)V
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
         0: getstatic     #26                 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: aload_1
         4: invokevirtual #32                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
         7: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 12: 0
        line 13: 7
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       8     0  this   Lgeneric/Box;
            0       8     1     m   Ljava/lang/Object;
      LocalVariableTypeTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       8     0  this   Lgeneric/Box<TM;>;
            0       8     1     m   TM;

  public void show(M);
    descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Signature: #11                          // (TM;)V
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
         0: getstatic     #26                 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: aload_1
         4: invokevirtual #32                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
         7: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 16: 0
        line 17: 7
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       8     0  this   Lgeneric/Box;
            0       8     1     t   Ljava/lang/Object;
      LocalVariableTypeTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       8     0  this   Lgeneric/Box<TM;>;
            0       8     1     t   TM;
}
SourceFile: "Box.java"
Signature: #41                          // <M:Ljava/lang/Object;>Ljava/lang/Object;


    整理信息如上图所示,泛型类中的show方法,其descriptor的含义是“L表示参数是一个引用类型,该类型是java.lang.Object,V表示该方法的返回值是void”,signature的含义是“T表示该方法的参数是一个泛型类型,其泛型名称是M(当然,如果你把Box<M>换成Box<O>,那么在字节码中的内容对应换成(TO;)V),方法返回值是void”。

    泛型类中的泛型方法showMsg,其descriptor的含义是“L表示方法入参是一个引用类型,且其类型为java.lang.Object,V表示方法返回值为void”,signature的含义是“<M:Ljava/lang/Object;>表示这个泛型方法的泛型签名,泛型名称是M(当然你改成public <O> void showMSg的话,那么字节码中就会变成<O:Ljava/lang/Object;>),T表示方法入参是一个泛型类型,其签名为M,V表示返回值为void”。

    应用场景:




附注:

    本文如有错漏,烦请不吝指正,谢谢!

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转载自blog.csdn.net/reliveIT/article/details/51163403