Elasticsearch浅尝搜索

其他 2018-10-07 22:10:03 阅读次数: 0
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请注明出处 浅然的专栏 https://blog.csdn.net/w_linux/article/details/82194060

一、场景简述

既然是说Elasticsearch全文搜索引擎，那么笔者就在Elasticsearch中的一些简单的搜索来入门Elasticsearch，借用官网的一句话“你知道的，为了搜索...”

二、场景实现

进行搜索前，先下载安装Sense，可参考该篇文章https://www.cnblogs.com/cnjavahome/p/9124584.html

当然！记得启动Elasticsearch

其次在来看一张图，理解什么是ES集群、索引、文档、属性，方便后文的理解

1、插入数据

  • PUT：向ES中添加文档
  • myindex：索引名称
  • mydoc：文档名称
  • 1 2 3..：特定用户的编号
PUT /myindex/mydoc/1
{
    "name":"qianran",
    "age":20,
    "work":"java",
    "about":"I love to go rock climbing"
}
PUT /myindex/mydoc/2
{
    "name":"linjie",
    "age":29,
    "work":"java",
    "about":"I want to climbing"
}
PUT /myindex/mydoc/3
{
    "name":"jay",
    "age":23,
    "work":"C++",
    "about":"happy.."
}
PUT /myindex/mydoc/4
{
    "name":"lucy",
    "age":22,
    "work":"java",
    "about":"xixi.."
}

若返回结果如下，即代表添加数据成功

{
   "_index": "myindex",
   "_type": "mydoc",
   "_id": "4",
   "_version": 1,
   "result": "created",
   "_shards": {
      "total": 2,
      "successful": 1,
      "failed": 0
   },
   "created": true
}

2、GET简单搜索

GET /myindex/mydoc/1

即可返回相应的文档

{
   "_index": "myindex",
   "_type": "mydoc",
   "_id": "1",
   "_version": 1,
   "found": true,
   "_source": {
      "name": "qianran",
      "age": 20,
      "work": "java",
      "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
   }
}

3、GET搜索所有文档

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search

即可返回所有文档

{
   "took": 168,
   "timed_out": false,
   "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
   },
   "hits": {
      "total": 4,
      "max_score": 1,
      "hits": [
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
               "name": "linjie",
               "age": 29,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I want to climbing"
            }
         },
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "4",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
               "name": "lucy",
               "age": 22,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "xixi.."
            }
         },
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
               "name": "qianran",
               "age": 20,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
            }
         },
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
               "name": "jay",
               "age": 23,
               "work": "C++",
               "about": "happy.."
            }
         }
      ]
   }
}

4、GET条件搜索

使用_search端点，并将查询本身赋值给参数q

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search?q=work:java

即可返回work是java的文档

{
   "took": 61,
   "timed_out": false,
   "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
   },
   "hits": {
      "total": 3,
      "max_score": 0.2876821,
      "hits": [
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.2876821,
            "_source": {
               "name": "qianran",
               "age": 20,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
            }
         },
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 0.18232156,
            "_source": {
               "name": "linjie",
               "age": 29,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I want to climbing"
            }
         },
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "4",
            "_score": 0.18232156,
            "_source": {
               "name": "lucy",
               "age": 22,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "xixi.."
            }
         }
      ]
   }
}

5、GET表达式搜索

它支持构建更加复杂和健壮的查询

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "work":"java"
        }
    }
}

即可返回work是java的文档

{
   "took": 17,
   "timed_out": false,
   "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
   },
   "hits": {
      "total": 3,
      "max_score": 0.2876821,
      "hits": [
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.2876821,
            "_source": {
               "name": "qianran",
               "age": 20,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
            }
         },
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 0.18232156,
            "_source": {
               "name": "linjie",
               "age": 29,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I want to climbing"
            }
         },
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "4",
            "_score": 0.18232156,
            "_source": {
               "name": "lucy",
               "age": 22,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "xixi.."
            }
         }
      ]
   }
}

6、GET表达式搜索多条件

work:java       age大于25

gt：_great than 表示大于

当然还有许多，如下：

eq相等   ne、neq不相等，   gt大于， lt小于 gte、ge大于等于   lte、le 小于等于   not非   mod求模   is [not] div by是否能被某数整除   is [not] even是否为偶数   is [not] even by $b即($a / $b) % 2 == 0   is [not] odd是否为奇   is not odd by $b即($a / $b) % 2 != 0

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "bool": {
            "must": {
                "match" : {
                    "work" : "java" 
                }
            },
            "filter": {
                "range" : {
                    "age" : { "gt" : 25 } 
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

即可返回age大于25，并且work是java的文档

{
   "took": 70,
   "timed_out": false,
   "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
   },
   "hits": {
      "total": 1,
      "max_score": 0.18232156,
      "hits": [
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 0.18232156,
            "_source": {
               "name": "linjie",
               "age": 29,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I want to climbing"
            }
         }
      ]
   }
}

7、GET全文搜索

在全文中搜索某句，得到文档结果 结果会有_score属性，即相关性得分，得到分数越高，匹配程度越高

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "about":"climbing"
        }
    }
}

即可返回about属性中有climbing的文档，并且有_score属性来显示相关性得分

{
   "took": 23,
   "timed_out": false,
   "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
   },
   "hits": {
      "total": 2,
      "max_score": 0.5565415,
      "hits": [
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 0.5565415,
            "_source": {
               "name": "linjie",
               "age": 29,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I want to climbing"
            }
         },
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.26742277,
            "_source": {
               "name": "qianran",
               "age": 20,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
            }
         }
      ]
   }
}

8、GET短语搜索

精确搜索某短语，需要将match改成match_phrase

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "about":"I want"
        }
    }
}

即可返回有about中有I want，如果是全文搜索，只要有I的也会被搜索出来，这就是短语搜索和全文搜素的区别

{
   "took": 28,
   "timed_out": false,
   "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
   },
   "hits": {
      "total": 1,
      "max_score": 1.113083,
      "hits": [
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 1.113083,
            "_source": {
               "name": "linjie",
               "age": 29,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I want to climbing"
            }
         }
      ]
   }
}

9、GET高亮搜索

让用户知道为何该文档符合查询结果

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "about":"I want"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields": {
            "about":{}
        }
    }
}

即可返回有I  或者有want 的文档，并且通过<em>标签进行高亮

{
   "took": 56,
   "timed_out": false,
   "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
   },
   "hits": {
      "total": 2,
      "max_score": 1.113083,
      "hits": [
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 1.113083,
            "_source": {
               "name": "linjie",
               "age": 29,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I want to climbing"
            },
            "highlight": {
               "about": [
                  "<em>I</em> <em>want</em> to climbing"
               ]
            }
         },
         {
            "_index": "myindex",
            "_type": "mydoc",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.26742277,
            "_source": {
               "name": "qianran",
               "age": 20,
               "work": "java",
               "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
            },
            "highlight": {
               "about": [
                  "<em>I</em> love to go rock climbing"
               ]
            }
         }
      ]
   }
}

以上就是ES的简单搜索

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