Android——Json数据全解析

版权声明:转载请标明出处: https://blog.csdn.net/Sunny_Captain/article/details/82799620

前言

在现如今的Android开发中,尤其是互联网软件,客户端与服务器端的交互可谓是家常便饭,而在Android端,通过访问接口接收到服务器端返回的Json格式的数据的情形几乎百分之九十的开发者都会遇到,这篇文章就对一些基本的到复杂的Json数据的解析进行一个全面的分析,从实战出发,至少希望你看完,能知道怎么做。

一、Json和Gson

Json是当前业内使用最为广泛的一种数据传输格式,大多数服务器端的API使用JSON作为数据的返回格式,也就是大家知道的,采用键值对的方式来记录数据。
Gson是Google提供的用来在Java对象和JSON数据之间进行映射的Java类库。可以将一个Json字符转成一个Java对象,或者将一个Java转化为Json字符串。
其实一句话来说,json是一种数据格式,便于数据传输、存储、交换,而gson是一种组件库,可以把java对象数据转换成json数据格式。

二、常规的Json数据解析

使用Gson对Json数据进行解析,其实只要根据Json数据设计好你的实体类,就没问题了,从实战出发,看Json:

{ "resultcode":"200",
  "reason":"successed!",
    "result":{
            "base":{
                 "temp":"24",
                 "wind_direction":"东北风",
                 "wind_strength":"2级",
                 "humidity":"28%",
                 "time":"17:38"
                  },
         "today":{
                 "temperature":"15℃~26℃",
                 "weather":"多云转晴",
                 "wind":"东北风微风",
                 "week":"星期日",
                 },
              },
    "error_code":0
}

Json数据的层次都很清晰,键值对的映射也一目了然,上面是一个查询天气的接口返回的数据,从外到内,你可以理解为有resultcode,reason,result,error_code四个类对象,而reslut里面还包含base和today两个类对象,以此类推。那么接下来就根据这个数据格式在你的工程中创建对应的实体类,当然你可以使用Android Studio的GsonFormat插件偷一偷懒:

安装此插件后,新建一个实体类,如新建一个WeatherEntity类,然后在类文件中调用菜单使用该插件:

然后把你需要解析的Json数据复制粘贴到弹窗中,点OK就可以了,是不是很傻瓜式呢:

之后你的实体类就创建好了:

public class WeatherEntity {

    /**
     * resultcode : 200
     * reason : successed!
     * result : {"base":{"temp":"24","wind_direction":"东北风","wind_strength":"2级","humidity":"28%","time":"17:38"},"today":{"temperature":"15℃~26℃","weather":"多云转晴","wind":"东北风微风","week":"星期日"}}
     * error_code : 0
     */

    private String resultcode;
    private String reason;
    private ResultBean result;
    private int error_code;

    public String getResultcode() {
        return resultcode;
    }

    public void setResultcode(String resultcode) {
        this.resultcode = resultcode;
    }

    public String getReason() {
        return reason;
    }

    public void setReason(String reason) {
        this.reason = reason;
    }

    public ResultBean getResult() {
        return result;
    }

    public void setResult(ResultBean result) {
        this.result = result;
    }

    public int getError_code() {
        return error_code;
    }

    public void setError_code(int error_code) {
        this.error_code = error_code;
    }

    public static class ResultBean {
        /**
         * base: {"temp":"24","wind_direction":"东北风","wind_strength":"2级","humidity":"28%","time":"17:38"}
         * today : {"temperature":"15℃~26℃","weather":"多云转晴","wind":"东北风微风","week":"星期日"}
         */

        private BaseBean base;
        private TodayBean today;

        public BaseBean getBase() {
            return base;
        }

        public void setBase(BaseBean base) {
            this.base= base;
        }

        public TodayBean getToday() {
            return today;
        }

        public void setToday(TodayBean today) {
            this.today = today;
        }

        public static class BaseBean {
            /**
             * temp : 24
             * wind_direction : 东北风
             * wind_strength : 2级
             * humidity : 28%
             * time : 17:38
             */

            private String temp;
            private String wind_direction;
            private String wind_strength;
            private String humidity;
            private String time;

            public String getTemp() {
                return temp;
            }

            public void setTemp(String temp) {
                this.temp = temp;
            }

            public String getWind_direction() {
                return wind_direction;
            }

            public void setWind_direction(String wind_direction) {
                this.wind_direction = wind_direction;
            }

            public String getWind_strength() {
                return wind_strength;
            }

            public void setWind_strength(String wind_strength) {
                this.wind_strength = wind_strength;
            }

            public String getHumidity() {
                return humidity;
            }

            public void setHumidity(String humidity) {
                this.humidity = humidity;
            }

            public String getTime() {
                return time;
            }

            public void setTime(String time) {
                this.time = time;
            }
        }

        public static class TodayBean {
            /**
             * temperature : 15℃~26℃
             * weather : 多云转晴
             * wind : 东北风微风
             * week : 星期日
             */

            private String temperature;
            private String weather;
            private String wind;
            private String week;

            public String getTemperature() {
                return temperature;
            }

            public void setTemperature(String temperature) {
                this.temperature = temperature;
            }

            public String getWeather() {
                return weather;
            }

            public void setWeather(String weather) {
                this.weather = weather;
            }

            public String getWind() {
                return wind;
            }

            public void setWind(String wind) {
                this.wind = wind;
            }

            public String getWeek() {
                return week;
            }

            public void setWeek(String week) {
                this.week = week;
            }
        }
    }
}

需要提醒各位的是,实体类的类名你可以按自己心情定,但是对象名一定要与Json数据中的key一一对应,如上面的“private ResultBean result”里的"result",就不能随意取名。
然后在网络请求中直接使用如下语句就可以将Json数据转化到你的实体类对象了:

Gson gson = new Gson();
WeatherEntity weatherEntity = gson.fromJson(result, WeatherEntity .class);//result就是服务器返回的Json字符串

三、解析key为动态未知字段的Json数据

上面是一个很简单很标准的Json数据,每一个key指向一个value,key不会发生变化,不同的只是其中的value,但是如果该Json数据加上以下的内容,你还会不会正常的解析出来呢:

{ "resultcode":"200",
  "reason":"successed!",
    "result":{
            "base":{
                 "temp":"24",
                 "wind_direction":"东北风",
                 "wind_strength":"2级",
                 "humidity":"28%",
                 "time":"17:38"
                  },
         "today":{
                 "temperature":"15℃~26℃",
                 "weather":"多云转晴",
                 "wind":"东北风微风",
                 "week":"星期日",
                 },
         "future":{
                 "day_20181011":{"temperature":"15℃~26℃","weather":"多云转晴"},
                 "day_20181012":{"temperature":"16℃~27℃","weather":"晴转多云"},
                 "day_20181013":{"temperature":"16℃~26℃","weather":"多云转晴"},
                 }
            },
    "error_code":0
}

如上述Json数据,在天气数据中增加了未来几天的天气,如果你依然按照之前的方法,对该数据进行类实体化,那么可想而知你的Future类里会出现以下三个类:day_20181011类,day_20181011类和day_20181011类,因为Gson是高度封装的,你的key是什么,他就会根据你的key生成对应的类,用这种传统的方法无法对这种key是动态的,未知的情况进行处理,像天气这种数据,每一天的日期都不同,采用这种动态值作为key的时候,我们该如何解析呢?
答案是,在Gson中,我们可以用Map的形式来对这种动态key的Json数据进行解析,例如上面的Future类,里面的key是动态可变的日期,值是一个固定的天气类数据(温度和天气类型),那么我们可以如下表示该字段:

private Map<String,FutureWeather> future;//String就对应着动态变化的day_20181011、day_20181012...
public static class FutureWeather{
	private String temperature;
	private String weather;
	.........//get set 方法...
}

明白了吗,当然对应的该Map对象的属性名一定要为"future",与Json数据中的字段对应,这一点一定要注意,所以上述Json完整的实体类应为(此处略去set/get方法):

public class WeatherEntity {

    /**
     * resultcode : 200
     * reason : successed!
     * result : {"base":{"temp":"24","wind_direction":"东北风","wind_strength":"2级","humidity":"28%","time":"17:38"},"today":{"temperature":"15℃~26℃","weather":"多云转晴","wind":"东北风微风","week":"星期日"}}
     * error_code : 0
     */

    private String resultcode;
    private String reason;
    private ResultBean result;
    private int error_code;
    public static class ResultBean {
        /**
         * base: {"temp":"24","wind_direction":"东北风","wind_strength":"2级","humidity":"28%","time":"17:38"}
         * today : {"temperature":"15℃~26℃","weather":"多云转晴","wind":"东北风微风","week":"星期日"}
         */

        private BaseBean base;
        private TodayBean today;
        private Map<String,FutureWeather> future;
        
		public static class FutureWeather{
				private String temperature;
				private String weather;
		 }
		 
        public static class BaseBean {
            /**
             * temp : 24
             * wind_direction : 东北风
             * wind_strength : 2级
             * humidity : 28%
             * time : 17:38
             */

            private String temp;
            private String wind_direction;
            private String wind_strength;
            private String humidity;
            private String time;
        }

        public static class TodayBean {
            /**
             * temperature : 15℃~26℃
             * weather : 多云转晴
             * wind : 东北风微风
             * week : 星期日
             */

            private String temperature;
            private String weather;
            private String wind;
            private String week;
        }
    }
}

接下来你就可以使用同样的方法把Json数据转化为实体类了。
使用Gson解析Json数据的方法今天暂且写这么多,大家可能已经遇到了更为复杂的数据,但是万变不离其宗,也欢迎大家留言讨论~
祝大家敲的刺激,敲的愉快(滑稽)~

猜你喜欢

转载自blog.csdn.net/Sunny_Captain/article/details/82799620