一、密码管理
1.Linux界面修改
[root@mysql ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p000000 password 123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
2.登录数据库修改指定用户密码
mysql> update mysql.user set password=password(“000000”) where user=“root” and host=“localhost”;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3.修改当前登录用户密码
mysql> set password=password(“000000”);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4.密码破解
[root@mysql ~]# vi /data/3307/my.conf
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
[root@mysql ~]# /data/3307/mysqld restart
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3307/mysql.sock （直接回车不需要输入密码）
二、数据库的增删查
1.增
1.1不指定字符集创建数据库
mysql> create database liang01;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
1.2指定gbk字符集创建数据库
mysql> create database liang_gbk default character set gbk collate gbk_chinese_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database liang_gbk\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: liang_gbk
Create Database: CREATE DATABASEliang_gbk/*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.3指定utf8字符集创建数据库
mysql> create database liang_utf8 default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database liang_utf8\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: liang_utf8
Create Database: CREATE DATABASEliang_utf8/*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
=====》
== 如果编译的时候指定了字符集则创建数据库就不需要指定字符集，不指定默认是拉丁字符集
字符集不相同是导致数据库中文乱码的最大原因 ==
2.删
2.1删除数据库
mysql> drop database liang01;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3.查
3.1查看所有数据库
mysql> show databases;
±-------------------+
| Database |
±-------------------+
| information_schema |
| liang01 |
| liang_gbk |
| liang_utf8 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
±-------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases like “liang%”;
±------------------+
| Database (liang%) |
±------------------+
| liang01 |
| liang_gbk |
| liang_utf8 |
±------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.2查看当前所在的数据库
mysql> select database();
±-----------+
| database() |
±-----------+
| NULL |
±-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use liang01;###进入数据库，可以不带分号
Database changed
mysql> select database();
±-----------+
| database() |
±-----------+
| liang01 |
±-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.3查看数据库版本
mysql> select version ();
±-----------+
| version () |
±-----------+
| 5.5.32-log |
±-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.4查看时间
mysql> select now();
±--------------------+
| now() |
±--------------------+
| 2018-09-15 17:56:18 |
±--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.5查看数据库状态
mysql> show global status;
3.6查看variable变量
mysql> show variables;
设置变量
set global key_buffer_size=…
三、数据表结构的增删查改
1.增
1.1创建默认字符集的数据库，并在该数据库中创建表
mysql> create database liang;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use liang
Database changed
mysql> create table student(
id int(4) not null,
name char(20) not null,
age tinyint(2) not null default ‘0’
);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show tables;
±----------------+
| Tables_in_liang |
±----------------+
| student |
±----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.2增加表的列
mysql> desc student;
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±------+
| id | int(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table student add dept varchar(16);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
±------±------------±-----±----±--------±------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------±------------±-----±----±--------±------+
| id | int(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | varchar(16) | YES | | NULL | |
±------±------------±-----±----±--------±------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3指定位置增加列
mysql> alter table student add sex char(4) after name;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| sex | char(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | varchar(6) | YES | | NULL | |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
1.4在第一行添加
mysql> alter table student add qq char(4) first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| qq | char(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| sex | char(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | varchar(6) | YES | | NULL | |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.删
2.1删除表结构
mysql> desc student
-> ;
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table student drop age;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
±------±---------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------±---------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
±------±---------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.查
3.1查看表结构
mysql> desc student;
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±------+
| id | int(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
±------±-----------±-----±----±--------±------+
3 rows in set (0.03 sec)
3.2查看创建表的语句
mysql> show create table student\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: student
Create Table: CREATE TABLEstudent(
idint(4) NOT NULL,
namechar(20) NOT NULL,
agetinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0’
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.改
4.1修改表结构
mysql> desc test01;
±------±---------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------±---------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
±------±---------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table test01 change name Name char(20);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test01;
±------±---------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------±---------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| Name | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
±------±---------±-----±----±--------±---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
四、数据库表内容的增删查改
1.增
mysql> create table test(
-> id int(4) not null AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name char(20) not null,
-> PRIMARY KEY (id)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.35 sec)
1.2指定列添加
mysql> insert into test (id,name) values (1,“laowang”);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
±—±--------+
| id | name |
±—±--------+
| 1 | laowang |
±—±--------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
由于id值自增列，添加它会自动加一
mysql> insert into test (name) values (“ergou”);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
±—±--------+
| id | name |
±—±--------+
| 1 | laowang |
| 2 | ergou |
±—±--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3不指定列
mysql> insert into test values (3,“laoli”);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
±—±--------+
| id | name |
±—±--------+
| 1 | laowang |
| 2 | ergou |
| 3 | laoli |
±—±--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.4批量插入
mysql> insert into test (name) values (“xie”), (“shi”), (“li”);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from test;
±—±--------+
| id | name |
±—±--------+
| 1 | laowang |
| 2 | ergou |
| 3 | laoli |
| 4 | xie |
| 5 | shi |
| 6 | li |
±—±--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.删
2.1删除字段
mysql> select * from test;
±—±--------+
| id | name |
±—±--------+
| 1 | laowang |
| 2 | ergou |
| 3 | laolu |
| 4 | xie |
| 5 | shi |
| 6 | li |
±—±--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from test where id=6;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
±—±--------+
| id | name |
±—±--------+
| 1 | laowang |
| 2 | ergou |
| 3 | laolu |
| 4 | xie |
| 5 | shi |
±—±--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2清空表内容
mysql> truncate table test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
##3.查
###3.1查看表的所有列
mysql> select * from test;
±—±--------+
| id | name |
±—±--------+
| 1 | laowang |
| 2 | ergou |
| 3 | laoli |
| 4 | xie |
| 5 | shi |
| 6 | li |
±—±--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.2查看指定列
mysql> select id from test;
±—+
| id |
±—+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
±—+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.3指定条件查询
mysql> select * from test where id=3;
±—±------+
| id | name |
±—±------+
| 3 | laoli |
±—±------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.4查看前两行
mysql> select * from test limit 2;
±—±--------+
| id | name |
±—±--------+
| 1 | laowang |
| 2 | ergou |
±—±--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.5从第二行开始，显示两行（0为第一行）
mysql> select * from test limit 1,2;
±—±------+
| id | name |
±—±------+
| 2 | ergou |
| 3 | laoli |
±—±------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
3.6explain 查看执行计划
mysql> explain select * from test where id=3\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: test
type: const
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 4
ref: const
rows: 1
Extra:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.改
4.1修改表内容
mysql> update test set name=“laolu” where name=“laoli”;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from test;
±—±--------+
| id | name |
±—±--------+
| 1 | laowang |
| 2 | ergou |
| 3 | laolu |
| 4 | xie |
| 5 | shi |
| 6 | li |
±—±--------+
4.2修改表名
mysql> show tables;
±----------------+
| Tables_in_liang |
±----------------+
| student |
| test |
±----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> rename table test to test01
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show tables;
±----------------+
| Tables_in_liang |
±----------------+
| student |
| test01 |
±----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
五、数据库的权限管理
grant 授权
revoke 回收权限
权限的种类：
SELECT, INSERT,UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE
1.授权
1.1先创建用户再授权
mysql> create user “liang01”@“localhost” identified by “000000”;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user where user=“liang01”;
±--------±----------±------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
±--------±----------±------------------------------------------+
| liang01 | localhost | 032197AE5731D4664921A6CCAC7CFCE6A0698693 |
±--------±----------±------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on . to “liang01”@“localhost”;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
===》
all 所有权限
*.* 第一个是所有数据库，第二个是库中的所有表
localhost 访问数据库的主机，可用域名，IP地址，ip段替代
mysql> show grants for “liang01”@“localhost”\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Grants for liang01@localhost: GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘liang01’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*032197AE5731D4664921A6CCAC7CFCE6A0698693’
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.2授权时添加用户
mysql> drop user “liang01”@“localhost”;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on . to “liang01”@“loclahost” identified by “000000”;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
1.3授权本地与局域网内机远程连接
方法一：
mysql> grant all on . to “liang01”@“10.0.0.%” ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
±--------±----------+
| user | host |
±--------±----------+
| liang01 | 10.0.0.% |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
| liang01 | loclahost |
±--------±----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uliang01 -p000000 -h 10.0.0.13 -P 3307
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
Copyright © 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
方法二：
mysql> grant all on . to “liang01”@“10.0.0.0/24”;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
±--------±------------+
| user | host |
±--------±------------+
| liang01 | 10.0.0.% |
| liang01 | 10.0.0.0/24 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| liang01 | localhost |
| root | localhost |
±--------±------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.回收权限
2.1查看用户拥有的权限
mysql> show grants for “liang01”@“localhost”;
±-----------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for liang01@localhost |
±-----------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘liang01’@‘localhost’ |
±-----------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.2回收insert权限
mysql> revoke insert on . from “liang01”@“localhost”;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for “liang01”@“localhost”;
±----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for liang01@localhost |
±----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE ON . TO ‘liang01’@‘localhost’ |
±----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.3删除用户
mysql> drop user “liang01”@“localhost”;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)