上传解压缩文件
[root@node1 ~]# ls -l
total 933608
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 758433170 Dec 6 2013 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 883 Nov 22 17:01 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52550402 May 20 2015 apache-flume-1.6.0-bin.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 25 13:27 Desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35250 Nov 22 16:58 install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4264 Nov 22 16:36 install.log.syslog
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 126857158 Nov 24 06:02 jdk-7u67-linux-x64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17139880 Nov 24 14:38 kafka_2.9.1-0.8.2.2.tgz
[root@node1 ~]# tar -zxvf 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
tar: This does not look like a tar archive
tar: Skipping to next header
tar: Archive contains obsolescent base-64 headers
[root@node1 ~]# file 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz: gzip compressed data, was "10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpi", from Unix, last modified: Sun Oct 23 05:13:16 2005
[root@node1 ~]# cpio -icdv <10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
[root@node1 ~]# ls -l
total 975812
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 801603584 Dec 6 2013 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
-rw------- 1 root root 883 Nov 22 17:01 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52550402 May 20 2015 apache-flume-1.6.0-bin.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 6 94110 42424 4096 Jan 25 14:04 database
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 25 13:27 Desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35250 Nov 22 16:58 install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4264 Nov 22 16:36 install.log.syslog
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 126857158 Nov 24 06:02 jdk-7u67-linux-x64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17139880 Nov 24 14:38 kafka_2.9.1-0.8.2.2.tgz
[root@node1 ~]# ls -l
total 975812
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 801603584 Dec 6 2013 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
-rw------- 1 root root 883 Nov 22 17:01 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52550402 May 20 2015 apache-flume-1.6.0-bin.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 6 94110 42424 4096 Jan 25 14:04 database
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 25 13:27 Desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35250 Nov 22 16:58 install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4264 Nov 22 16:36 install.log.syslog
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 126857158 Nov 24 06:02 jdk-7u67-linux-x64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17139880 Nov 24 14:38 kafka_2.9.1-0.8.2.2.tgz
为了节约磁盘空间，删除它
[root@node1 ~]# rm -rf 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
查看参考文档，为了方便安装tomcat
[root@node1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.67/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.67.zip
--14:12:16-- http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.67/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.67.zip
Resolving mirrors.hust.edu.cn... 202.114.18.160
Connecting to mirrors.hust.edu.cn|202.114.18.160|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9461749 (9.0M) [application/zip]
Saving to: `apache-tomcat-7.0.67.zip'
100%[======================================================================================================================================================>] 9,461,749 428K/s in 36s
14:12:53 (254 KB/s) - `apache-tomcat-7.0.67.zip' saved [9461749/9461749]
[root@node1 ~]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.67.zip
gzip: stdin has more than one entry--rest ignored
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors
[root@node1 ~]# unzip apache-tomcat-7.0.67.zip
[root@node1 ~]# ls -l
total 201484
-rw------- 1 root root 883 Nov 22 17:01 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52550402 May 20 2015 apache-flume-1.6.0-bin.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Dec 7 15:09 apache-tomcat-7.0.67
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9461749 Dec 7 07:01 apache-tomcat-7.0.67.zip
drwxr-xr-x 6 94110 42424 4096 Jan 25 14:04 database
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 25 13:27 Desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35250 Nov 22 16:58 install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4264 Nov 22 16:36 install.log.syslog
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 126857158 Nov 24 06:02 jdk-7u67-linux-x64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17139880 Nov 24 14:38 kafka_2.9.1-0.8.2.2.tgz
[root@node1 ~]# mv apache-tomcat-7.0.67 tomcat7
[root@node1 ~]# cp -r database/doc/ tomcat7/webapps/
[root@node1 ~]# cd tomcat7/bin/
[root@node1 bin]# ls -l
total 796
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26825 Dec 7 15:09 bootstrap.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13007 Dec 7 15:09 catalina.bat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20806 Dec 7 15:09 catalina.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1686 Dec 7 15:09 catalina-tasks.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24283 Dec 7 15:09 commons-daemon.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 204944 Dec 7 15:09 commons-daemon-native.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2040 Dec 7 15:09 configtest.bat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1922 Dec 7 15:09 configtest.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7888 Dec 7 15:09 daemon.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2091 Dec 7 15:09 digest.bat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1965 Dec 7 15:09 digest.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3430 Dec 7 15:09 setclasspath.bat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3547 Dec 7 15:09 setclasspath.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2020 Dec 7 15:09 shutdown.bat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1902 Dec 7 15:09 shutdown.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2022 Dec 7 15:09 startup.bat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1904 Dec 7 15:09 startup.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38197 Dec 7 15:09 tomcat-juli.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 388787 Dec 7 15:09 tomcat-native.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4021 Dec 7 15:09 tool-wrapper.bat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5024 Dec 7 15:09 tool-wrapper.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2026 Dec 7 15:09 version.bat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1908 Dec 7 15:09 version.sh
[root@node1 bin]# chmod 775 *.sh
root@node1 bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /root/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME: /root/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /root/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_67
Using CLASSPATH: /root/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/root/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
一、检查计算机硬件环境(内存和硬盘)
Checking the Hardware Requirements
At least 512 MB of physical RAM
[root@node1 bin]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1099360 kB
[root@node1 bin]#
[root@node1 bin]# df -k /tmp
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hdc2 18012336 4909692 12172884 29% /
[root@node1 bin]#
[root@node1 bin]# df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hdc2 18012336 4909692 12172884 29% /
/dev/hdc1 295561 16431 263870 6% /boot
tmpfs 549680 0 549680 0% /dev/shm
二、检查软件环境
rpm -qa binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4 \
compat-db-4.1.25-9 \
control-center-2.8.0-12 \
gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4 \
gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4 \
glibc-2.3.4-2 \
glibc-common-2.3.4-2 \
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1 \
libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4 \
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4 \
make-3.80-5 \
pdksh-5.2.14-30 \
sysstat-5.0.5-1 \
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
安装依赖包
[oracle@node1 ~]yum install libgomp-4.4.0-6.el5.x86_64.rpm kernel-headers-2.6.18-164.el5.x86_64.rpm glibc-headers-2.5-42.x86_64.rpm
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install glib-devel*
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install binutils*
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install gnome-libs libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaver libaio openmotif21
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install compat-db control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common
[oracle@node1 ~] cd /u01/
[oracle@node1 ~] ls
[oracle@node1 ~] rm -rf *
[oracle@node1 ~] cd /oraInventory/
[oracle@node1 ~] ls
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install gcc
[oracle@node1 ~] kill -9 24535
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install gcc
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install glibc-devel
[oracle@node1 ~] ls /usr/lib | grep libstdc++
[oracle@node1 ~] ln -s /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
[oracle@node1 ~] rm -rf /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
[oracle@node1 ~] ln -s /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install binutils
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.0.0.0.2.x86_64.rpm
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install binutils-devel
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install libaio1
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install libstdc++.so.5
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install libXp.so.6
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install glibc-devel
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install liborasdkbase
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install compat-libstdc++
[oracle@node1 ~] yum install compat-libs*
三、创建安装用户和用户组
Creating Required Operating System Groups and User
[root@node1 bin]# groupadd oinstall;groupadd dba
[root@node1 bin]# id oracle
id: oracle: No such user
[root@node1 bin]#
[root@node1 bin]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@node1 bin]#
[root@node1 bin]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
修改Linux内核参数
[root@node1 bin]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
Using any text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file and add or edit lines similar to the following:
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
Add the following lines in the /etc/security/limits.conf file:
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:
session required pam_limits.so
add the following lines in the /etc/profile
#add by gaojingsong
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
[root@node1 bin]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@node1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
[root@node1 ~]# yum install libXpm-devel libXpm libXp-devel
四、Oracle用户开始安装
[oracle@node1 ~]#$ ./runInstaller
$ Initializing Java Virtual Machine from /tmp/OraInstall2003-09-25_01-58-20PM/jre/bin/java. Please wait...
Xlib: connection to ":0.0" refused by server
Xlib: No protocol specified
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.InternalError: Can't connect to X11 window
server using ':0.0' as the value of the DISPLAY variable.
解决方案：
用root用户在图形界面运行 xhost +
五、验证
[oracle@node1 ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/dbs/
[oracle@node1 dbs]$ ls
hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkORCL orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@node1 dbs]$ env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=tomcat
ORACLE_BASE=/u01
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle
[oracle@node1 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@node1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jan 26 13:25:14 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> startup
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
SQL> desc v$database;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DBID NUMBER
NAME VARCHAR2(9)
CREATED DATE
RESETLOGS_CHANGE# NUMBER
RESETLOGS_TIME DATE
PRIOR_RESETLOGS_CHANGE# NUMBER
PRIOR_RESETLOGS_TIME DATE
LOG_MODE VARCHAR2(12)
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# NUMBER
ARCHIVE_CHANGE# NUMBER
CONTROLFILE_TYPE VARCHAR2(7)
CONTROLFILE_CREATED DATE
CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE# NUMBER
CONTROLFILE_CHANGE# NUMBER
CONTROLFILE_TIME DATE
OPEN_RESETLOGS VARCHAR2(11)
VERSION_TIME DATE
OPEN_MODE VARCHAR2(10)
PROTECTION_MODE VARCHAR2(20)
PROTECTION_LEVEL VARCHAR2(20)
REMOTE_ARCHIVE VARCHAR2(8)
ACTIVATION# NUMBER
SWITCHOVER# NUMBER
DATABASE_ROLE VARCHAR2(16)
ARCHIVELOG_CHANGE# NUMBER
ARCHIVELOG_COMPRESSION VARCHAR2(8)
SWITCHOVER_STATUS VARCHAR2(20)
DATAGUARD_BROKER VARCHAR2(8)
GUARD_STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN VARCHAR2(8)
SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_PK VARCHAR2(3)
SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_UI VARCHAR2(3)
FORCE_LOGGING VARCHAR2(3)
PLATFORM_ID NUMBER
PLATFORM_NAME VARCHAR2(101)
RECOVERY_TARGET_INCARNATION# NUMBER
LAST_OPEN_INCARNATION# NUMBER
CURRENT_SCN NUMBER
FLASHBACK_ON VARCHAR2(18)
SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_FK VARCHAR2(3)
SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_ALL VARCHAR2(3)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN NUMBER
FS_FAILOVER_STATUS VARCHAR2(21)
FS_FAILOVER_CURRENT_TARGET VARCHAR2(30)
FS_FAILOVER_THRESHOLD NUMBER
FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_PRESENT VARCHAR2(7)
FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_HOST VARCHAR2(512)
解决方案：
在Linux系统中安装oralce的过程中，如果Linux发行版本不是oracle的推荐版本，可能会报如下错误，导致runInstaller无法完成：
| Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9, redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 or asianux-2 Failed <<<< |
遇到这个问题，可以通过如下两种方式解决
1、修改Linux的发行标记
如在redhat-5上安装oracle的时候，需要将文件 '/etc/redhat-release'的内容由
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga) |
修改为
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4 (Tikanga) |
2、runInstaller的时候加上-ignoreSysPreReqs参数，如：
| ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPreReqs |
不过不推荐这种方式，因为这可能会错过对操作系统内核参数以及oracle必需的包的检测。