在linux系统安装mysql,其他版本的yum 库安装方法参考mysql官方文档 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/installing.html
安装时需要连接网络，关闭防火墙以及selinux
mysql在线安装
方法一：下载mysql的yum 库文件
下载时选择合适自己的版本
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
#安装yum库
[root@localhost ~]# yum localinstall -y mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
#检查是否将yum库增加到系统库
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 65
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 69
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 33在MySQL Yum库中，MySQL Community Server的不同版本系列存储在不同的子库中。默认情况下，最新的GA系列(目前为MySQL 8.0)的子存储库是启用的，其他所有系列的子存储库是禁用的。使用此命令查看MySQL Yum库中的所有子存储库，并查看其中哪些是启用或禁用的
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 65
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - S disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community enabled: 69
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - S disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server disabled
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - S disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server disabled
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - S disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server enabled: 33
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - S disabled开启和禁用特定子库,最好启用一个版本，多个版本时默认启用最新版本；
#如果系统不存在yum-config-manager命令，需要安装一下软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils.noarch
#开启mysql5.7的版本子库，关闭mysql8.0的版本子库
[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 65
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - S disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community enabled: 69
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - S disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server disabled
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - S disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server enabled: 287
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - S disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server disabled
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - S disabled
#检测mysql开启的状态
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 65
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 69
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 287安装mysql5.7版本以及初始化
#mysql安装时默认安装client,connect等相关扩展软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server
Installed:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7
mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7
#启动数据库服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-09-12 12:37:30 CST; 9s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 1747 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1673 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1750 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─1750 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Sep 12 12:37:27 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Sep 12 12:37:30 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
#过滤初始化密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-09-12T04:37:27.902373Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (8<hgozGdwz8
#修改root用户密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#从MySQL Yum库中列出平台上所有MySQL组件的包：
[root@localhost ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo='mysql*-community*' list available方法二：配置mysql5.7的yum源
需要对系统的yum源进行修改如下：
#编辑配置文件，在文件后面添加如下yum源
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repo.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.cn99.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
mysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/15): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/15): extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 84 kB 00:00:00
(3/15): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 187 kB 00:00:00
(4/15): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 595 kB 00:00:00
(5/15): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 120 kB 00:00:00
(6/15): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.5 MB 00:00:00
(7/15): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db | 156 kB 00:00:00
(8/15): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:01
(9/15): updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 538 kB 00:00:00
(10/15): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.9 MB 00:00:00
(11/15): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 478 kB 00:00:00
(12/15): mysql57-community/x86_64/other_db | 39 kB 00:00:00
(13/15): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:02
(14/15): mysql57-community/x86_64/filelists_db | 706 kB 00:00:02
(15/15): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.2 MB 00:00:01
Metadata Cache Created
#查看mysql的信息
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server enabled: 273如果需要安装其他版本需要对yum源进行修改！
mysql的升级
使用mysql yum repositry进行升级,禁用mysql5.7版本子存储库，启用8.0版本的子存储库；升级版本需要一步一步进行升级，例如从5.6想升级到8.0，需要先升级到5.7再升级到8.0
mysql数据库升级
注意：对所有数据库升级时需要花费很多时间
支持dnf工具使用以下命令升级
[root@localhost ~]# dnf upgrade mysql-serve
[root@localhost ~]# dnf upgrade 对所有mysql数据库进行升级
不支持dnf工具使用以下命令升级
[root@localhost ~]# yum update mysql-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum update 对所有mysql数据库进行升级
对于数据库特定组件升级
[root@localhost ~]# yum list installed | grep “^mysql” #列出安装的mysql组件
[root@localhost ~]# yum update package-name #支持dnf
[root@localhost ~]# dnf upgrade package-name