引入
大家在使用谷歌或者百度搜索时，输入搜索内容时，谷歌总是能提供非常好的拼写检查，比如你输入 speling，谷歌会马上返回 spelling。
下面是用21行python代码实现的一个简易但是具备完整功能的拼写检查器。
代码
<span style="color:#f8f8f2"><code class="language-none">import re, collections
def words(text):
return re.findall('[a-z]+', text.lower())
def train(features):
model = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 1)
for f in features:
model[f] += 1
return model
NWORDS = train(words(file('big.txt').read()))
alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
def edits1(word):
splits = [(word[:i], word[i:]) for i in range(len(word) + 1)]
deletes = [a + b[1:] for a, b in splits if b]
transposes = [a + b[1] + b[0] + b[2:] for a, b in splits if len(b)>1]
replaces = [a + c + b[1:] for a, b in splits for c in alphabet if b]
inserts = [a + c + b for a, b in splits for c in alphabet]
return set(deletes + transposes + replaces + inserts)
def known_edits2(word):
return set(e2 for e1 in edits1(word) for e2 in edits1(e1) if e2 in NWORDS)
def known(words):
return set(w for w in words if w in NWORDS)
def correct(word):
candidates = known([word]) or known(edits1(word)) or known_edits2(word) or [word]
return max(candidates, key=NWORDS.get)</code></span>correct函数是程序的入口，传进去错误拼写的单词会返回正确。如：
<span style="color:#f8f8f2"><code class="language-none">>>> correct("cpoy")
'copy'
>>> correct("engilsh")
'english'
>>> correct("sruprise")
'surprise'</code></span>除了这段代码外，作为机器学习的一部分，肯定还应该有大量的样本数据，准备了big.txt作为我们的样本数据。