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一、MySQL官网获取下载地址
当我们需要安装MySQL的某一个版本的时候，访问MySQL的官网：https://www.mysql.com/->DOWNLOADS->Archives->MySQL Community Server，选择版本，操作系统，操作系统版本，下载RPM Bundle。这个时候获取到 下载 地址：https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
二、下载和解压
wget -c https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
tar vxf mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
解压后的文件RPM文件列表：
mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
三、安装
yum localinstall mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
当安装common的时候，遇到冲突的时候用yum remove mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64或者rpm -e mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64卸载冲突包。
[x@localhost ~]$ sudo yum localinstall mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[sudo] password for x:
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 /mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 2.5 M
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 2.5 M
Installed size: 2.5 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction check error:
file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/danish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/dutch/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/estonian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/french/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/german/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/greek/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/hungarian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/italian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/japanese/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/korean/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/norwegian-ny/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/norwegian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/polish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/portuguese/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/romanian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/russian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/serbian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/slovak/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/spanish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/swedish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/ukrainian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/armscii8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ascii.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1250.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1256.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1257.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp850.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp852.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp866.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/dec8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/geostd8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/greek.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hebrew.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hp8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/keybcs2.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8r.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8u.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin1.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin2.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin5.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin7.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macce.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macroman.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/swe7.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
Error Summary
-------------[x@localhost ~]$ sudo yum remove mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================
Removing:
mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 @anaconda 4.4 M
Removing for dependencies:
postfix x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 @anaconda 12 M
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)
Installed size: 17 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Erasing : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 1/2
Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 2/2
Removed:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
Dependency Removed:
postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7
Complete!三、修改root本地密码
mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
进入MySQL：
mysql -u root -p
查看密码策略
show variables like '%password%'
设置密码策略：
set global validate_password_policy=0;
查看密码策略：
select @@validate_password_policy;
设置密码长度：
set global validate_password_length=4;
查看密码长度：
select @@validate_password_length;
然后你就可以将你的密码改为简单的密码。
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
或者
set password for 'root'@'localhost'='123456';
此set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('123456');命令将被弃用。
允许远程访问
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%';
其中123456为你的访问密码。