安装 nginx
一nginx安装环境
1. gcc
安装nginx需要先将官网下载的源码进行编译，编译依赖gcc环境，如果没有gcc环境，需要安装gcc：
yum install gcc-c++
2.PCRE
PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions)是一个Perl库，包括 perl 兼容的正则表达式库。nginx的http模块使用pcre来解析正则表达式，所以需要在linux上安装pcre库。
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
注：pcre-devel是使用pcre开发的一个二次开发库。nginx也需要此库。
3. zlib
zlib库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩的方式，nginx使用zlib对http包的内容进行gzip，所以需要在linux上安装zlib库。
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
4.openssl
OpenSSL 是一个强大的安全套接字层密码库，囊括主要的密码算法、常用的密钥和证书封装管理功能及SSL协议，并提供丰富的应用程序供测试或其它目的使用。
nginx不仅支持http协议，还支持https（即在ssl协议上传输http），所以需要在linux安装openssl库。
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
二 编译安装
1.将nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz拷贝至linux服务器。
2.解压：
tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.8.0
3.配置 configure
./configure --help查询详细参数（参考本教程附录部分：nginx编译参数）
参数设置如下：
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi
注意：上边将临时文件目录指定为/var/temp/nginx，需要在/var下创建temp及nginx目录
三 启动运行测试
1编译安装
./configure
make
make install
安装成功查看安装目录 ：whereis nginx
2 启动nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
./nginx
注意：执行./nginx启动nginx，这里可以-c指定加载的nginx配置文件，如下：
./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
如果不指定-c，nginx在启动时默认加载conf/nginx.conf文件，此文件的地址也可以在编译安装nginx时指定./configure的参数（--conf-path= 指向配置文件（nginx.conf））
3 停止nginx
方式1，快速停止：
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -s stop
此方式相当于先查出nginx进程id再使用kill命令强制杀掉进程。
方式2，完整停止(建议使用)：
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -s quit
此方式停止步骤是待nginx进程处理任务完毕进行停止。
4 重启nginx
方式1，先停止再启动（建议使用）：
对nginx进行重启相当于先停止nginx再启动nginx，即先执行停止命令再执行启动命令。
如下：
./nginx -s quit
./nginx
方式2，重新加载配置文件：
当nginx的配置文件nginx.conf修改后，要想让配置生效需要重启nginx，使用-s reload不用先停止nginx再启动nginx即可将配置信息在nginx中生效，如下：
./nginx -s reload
5 测试
nginx安装成功，启动nginx，即可访问虚拟机上的nginx：浏览器输入服务器地址即可
安装ftp组件
1.安装vsftpd组件
安装完后，有/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 文件，是vsftp的配置文件。
yum -y install vsftpd
2.添加一个ftp用户
此用户就是用来登录ftp服务器用的。
useradd ftpuser
这样一个用户建完，可以用这个登录，记得用普通登录不要用匿名了。登录后默认的路径为 /home/ftpuser.
3.给ftp用户添加密码。
passwd ftpuser
输入两次密码后修改密码。
4 .防火墙开启21端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=21/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=21/udp
还要运行下,重启iptables
firewall-cmd --reload
5.修改selinux
外网是可以访问上去了，可是发现没法返回目录（使用ftp的主动模式，被动模式还是无法访问），也上传不了，因为selinux作怪了。
修改selinux：
执行以下命令查看状态：
getsebool -a | grep ftp
allow_ftpd_anon_write --> off
allow_ftpd_full_access --> off
allow_ftpd_use_cifs --> off
allow_ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftp_home_dir --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
执行上面命令，再返回的结果看到两行都是off，代表，没有开启外网的访问
setsebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access on
setsebool -P ftp_home_dir on
nginx配置文件
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /images {
root /home/ftpuser/www/;
autoindex on;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
vsftpd配置
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=NO
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=no
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
#local_root=/home/image/
#chroot_local_user=YES
#anon_root=/home/image/
添加图片存放目录
cd /home/ftpuser/
mkdir www
cd www
mkdir images
cd images
pwd
/home/ftpuser/www/images
启动nginx，vsftpd
cd /usr/nginx-1.8
./sbin/nginx
启动ftp
service vsftpd restart
再次分配权限
chown ftpuser /home/ftpuser
chmod 777 -R /home/ftpuser