Python入门12

call方法

class Student(object):
    def __init__(self,name,scores,power):
        self.name=name
        self.scores=scores
        self.power=power
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return '对象被调用...'
        # class: 实例化对象之前执行
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        # 判断是否obj对象是否已经被创建, 如果没有被创建, 则创建
        if not hasattr(cls, 'obj'):
            cls.obj = object.__new__(cls)
        # 如果已经创建成功,则返回创建好的对象
        return cls.obj
s1=Student('westos1',[100,90,80],100)
s2=Student('westos2',[90,100,70],200)
print(s1)
print(s2)

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format魔术方法

formats={
    'ymd':'{d.year}-{d.month}-{d.day}',
    'mdy':'{d.month}/{d.day}/{d.year}'
}

class Date(object):
    def __init__(self,year,month,day):
        self.year=year
        self.month=month
        self.day=day
    #format方法,format(对象名)时自动调用
    def __format__(self, format_spec):
        # return "这是显示format的内容"
        # if format_spec:
        #     format_spec = format_spec
        # else:
        #     format_spec = 'ymd'
        if not format_spec:
            format_spec='ymd'
        fmt=formats[format_spec]
        return fmt.format(d=self)
        d=Date(2018,9,9)
print(format(d))
print(format(d,'mdy'))
print(d.__format__('ymd'))
print(format(d, 'ymd'))

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format简化版本

class Date(object):
    def __init__(self, year, month, day):
        self.year = year
        self.month = month
        self.day = day
    # format方法: format(对象名)时自动调用
    def __format__(self, format_spec):
        if not format_spec:
            return  "%s-%s-%s" %(self.year, self.month, self.day)
        else:
            if format_spec == 'ymd':
                return  "%s-%s-%s" %(self.year, self.month, self.day)
            elif format_spec == 'dmy':
                return   "%s/%s/%s" %(self.day, self.month, self.year)
            else:
                return  "error format"
d = Date(2018, 9, 9)
print(format(d))
print(format(d, 'ymd'))
print(format(d, 'dmy'))
print(d.__format__('ymd'))
print(format(d,'ymd'))

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字符串format方法

 print('name:%s,age:%d,scores:%s' %('lijia',20,99))
 print('name:%s,age:%d,scores:%s' %('haha',10,dict(a=1,b=2)))
 print('name:%s,age:%d,scores:%s' %('haha',10,(1,2)))

######通过位置填充字符串
 print('name:{0},age:{2},scores:{1}'.format('westos',10,[99,90,98]))
 print('name:{0},age:{1},scores:{1}'.format('redhat',20))
 print('name:{0},id:{1:.3f}'.format('lijia',19.234567))
######通过key填充字符串
d={'max':100,'min':10,'niddle':50}
print('oldage:{max},yonugage:{min}'.format(max=100,min=10))
print('oldage:{max}'.format(**d))
######通过下标或者索引值填充
point=(3,4,5)
print('x:{0[0]},y:{0[2]}'.format(point[::-1]))
######面向对象操作
class Book(object):
    def __init__(self,name,author,state,location):
        self.name=name
        self.author=author
        self.state=state
        self.location=location
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Book(%s,%d)' %(self.name,self.state)
b=Book('python','lijia',1,'ID666')
print('name:{0.name},state:{0.state},location:{0.location}'.format(b))

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实现类的切片和索引

class Student(object):
    def __init__(self,name,scores):
        self.name=name
        self.scores=scores
        #支持索引;s[index]
    def __getitem__(self, index):
        print('获取索引对应的value值')
        return  self.name[index]
        #s[索引]=修改的值
    def __setitem__(self, index, value):
        self.scores[index]=value
        #del s[索引]
    def __delitem__(self, index):
        del self.scores[index]
    def hello(self):
        return 'hello'
s=Student('westos',[90,98,96])

print(s[1])
s[0]=100
print(s[0])
print(s.scores)
del s[0]
print(s.scores)
#####key获取value值
#####可以获取所有属性为key值,以及对应的value值,并封装为一个字典返回
print(s.__dict__)

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class Student(object):
    def __init__(self,name,scores):
        self.name=name
        self.scores=scores
    #支持索引;s[key]
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.__dict__[key]
    #s[key]=修改的值
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self.__dict__[key]=value
    #del s[key]
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        del self.__dict__[key]

    def hello(self):
        return 'hello'
s=Student('westos',[90,98,97])

#key获取value值
# 可以获取所有的属性为key值, 以及对应的value值, 并封装为一个字典返回.
print(s.__dict__)
print(s['name'])
print(s['scores'])
s['name']='lijia'
print(s['name'])
del s['name']
print(s['name'])

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class Student(object):
    def __init__(self,name,scores):
        self.name=name
        self.scores=scores
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.scores[key]
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self.scores[key]=value
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        del self.scores[key]
s=Student('westos',[90,98,97])
print(s[1:3])
s[1:3]=[0,0]
print(s[:])
del s[:-1]
print(s[:])
print(s[0])

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对象str和repr方法

class People(object):
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        print('创建对象成功')

    #析构函数, 当你删除对象时, 自动调用的方法。
    #   del 对象名或者程序执行结束之后
    def __del__(self):
        print('删除对象成功')
    #__str和__repr__都是对对象的字符串显示,使用场景不同
    #如果没有__str__的时候,自动调用__repr__方法的内容
    # def __str__(self):
    #     #print(对象名)   print(str(对象名))
    #     # print('People(%s,%d)' %(self.name,self.age))
    #     return 'People(%s,%d)' %(self.name,self.age)
    def __repr__(self):
        #print(repr(对象名))  或者交互式环境直接:对象名
        return 'People(%s)' %(self.name)
    def __hello(self):
        print('hello')
    def world(self):
        self.__hello()

if __name__=='__main__':
    p1=People('lijia',20)
    print(p1)
    print(p1.__str__())
    p1.world()
    print(str(p1))
    print(repr(p1))

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构造方法和析构方法

class People(object):
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        print('创建对象成功...')
    #析构函数,当你删除对象时,自动调用的方法
    #del 对象名或者程序执行结束之后
    def __del__(self):
        print('删除对象成功...')
if __name__=='__main__':
    p1=People('lijia',20)
del p1

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比较大小

class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name, scores, power):
        self.name = name
        self.scores = scores
        self.power = power

    def __add__(self, other):
        # 更新self对象的power属性值;
        self.power =  self.power + other.power
        return self
    # obj1 > obj2
    def __gt__(self, other):
        return self.power > other.power
    # obj >= obj2
    __ge__ = lambda self, other: self.power >= other.power
    # obj1 ==  obj2
    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.power == other.power
    def __ne__(self, other):
        return self.power != other.power
        # return  not self.__eq__(other)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Student:%s,%s" %(self.name, self.power)
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.scores)
s1 = Student('westos1', [101,100], 100)
s2 = Student('westos2', [100,70,90], 101)
s3 = Student('westos3', [100,60,80], 80)
print(s1+s2)
print(s1>s2>s3)
print(s1==s2)
print(s1<s2)
print(len(s1))

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类内部装饰器

class Book(object):
    def __init__(self, name, author, state, bookIndex):
        self.name = name
        self.author = author
        # 0:'已借出' 1:'未借出'
        self.__state = state
        self.bookIndex = bookIndex

    def get_state(self):
        if self.__state == 0:
            return '已借出'
        elif self.__state == 1:
            return '未借出'
        else:
            return "状态异常"

    def set_state(self, value):
        # if value == 0 or value == 1:
        if value in (0,1):
            # 更新书籍的状态
            self.__state = value

    def del_state(self):
        print("is deleteing......")

    def __str__(self):
        return 'Book(%s, %d)' %(self.name, self.__state)

    state = property(fget=get_state, fset=set_state, fdel=del_state)

b = Book('python', 'lijia', 1, 'Id666')
 #print(b.state)
b.state=10
print(b.state)
print(b.get_state())
print(b.set_state(10))
print(b.get_state())
print(b.state)
b.state=0
print(b.state)
del b.state

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重复连接和成员操作符

from collections import Iterable

class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name, scores):
        self.name = name
        self.scores = scores
        self.power = 200
    # obj1 + obj2
    def __add__(self, other):
        # 更新self对象的power属性值;
        self.power =  self.power + other.power
        return  self
    # obj1 * 3
    def __mul__(self, other):
        # *的效果是, 能量*power
        return  self.power * other
    # 成员操作符; item in obj1
    def __contains__(self, item):
        return  item in self.scores
    # 可以for循环迭代
    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.scores)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Student:%s,%s" % (self.name, self.power)
print('hello'+' '+'world')
print([1,2,3]+[4,5,6])
s1=Student('westos1',[90,90,98])
s2=Student('westos2',[100,20,80])
s3=Student('westos3',[19,20,90])
print(s1+s2+s3)
print(s1)
####重复
a=3
print(a*3)
s='a'
print(s*3)
print(s1*3)
##成员操作符
print(s1.scores)
print(100 in s1)
print(90 not in s1)
###for 循环迭代
for i in s1:
    # print(i)
    print(isinstance(s1,Iterable))

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_42725815/article/details/82502864