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ArrayList简介
ArrayList 的底层是数组队列，相当于动态数组。与 Java 中的数组相比，它的容量能动态增长。在添加大量元素前，应用程序可以使用ensureCapacity操作来增加 ArrayList 实例的容量。这可以减少递增式再分配的数量。
它继承于 AbstractList，实现了 List, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable 这些接口。
在我们学数据结构的时候就知道了线性表的顺序存储，插入删除元素的时间复杂度为O（n）,求表长以及增加元素，取第 i 元素的时间复杂度为O（1）
ArrayList 继承了AbstractList，实现了List。它是一个数组队列，提供了相关的添加、删除、修改、遍历等功能。
ArrayList 实现了RandmoAccess 接口，即提供了随机访问功能。RandmoAccess 是 Java 中用来被 List 实现，为 List 提供快速访问功能的。在 ArrayList 中，我们即可以通过元素的序号快速获取元素对象，这就是快速随机访问。
ArrayList 实现了Cloneable 接口，即覆盖了函数 clone()，能被克隆。
ArrayList 实现java.io.Serializable 接口，这意味着ArrayList支持序列化，能通过序列化去传输。
和 Vector 不同，ArrayList 中的操作不是线程安全的！所以，建议在单线程中才使用 ArrayList，而在多线程中可以选择 Vector 或者 CopyOnWriteArrayList。
ArrayList核心源码
1、System.arraycopy()和Arrays.copyOf()方法
/**
* 在此列表中的指定位置插入指定的元素。
*先调用 rangeCheckForAdd 对index进行界限检查；然后调用 ensureCapacityInternal 方法保证capacity足够大；
*再将从index开始之后的所有成员后移一个位置；将element插入index位置；最后size加1。
*/
public void add(int index, E element) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
//arraycopy()方法实现数组自己复制自己
//elementData:源数组;index:源数组中的起始位置;elementData：目标数组；index + 1：目标数组中的起始位置； size - index：要复制的数组元素的数量；
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index);
elementData[index] = element;
size++;
}copyOf方法，不能实现深拷贝
/**
* 以正确的顺序（从第一个到最后一个元素）返回一个包含此列表中所有元素的数组。
* 返回的数组将是“安全的”，因为该列表不保留对它的引用。 （换句话说，这个方法必须分配一个新的数组）。
* 因此，调用者可以自由地修改返回的数组。 此方法充当基于阵列和基于集合的API之间的桥梁。
*/
public Object[] toArray() {
//elementData：要复制的数组；size：要复制的长度
return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
}两者联系与区别
联系： 看两者源代码可以发现copyOf()内部调用了System.arraycopy()方法
区别：
- arraycopy()需要目标数组，将原数组拷贝到你自己定义的数组里，而且可以选择拷贝的起点和长度以及放入新数组中的位置
- copyOf()是系统自动在内部新建一个数组，并返回该数组。
2、ArrayList 核心扩容技术
扩容核心源码
//下面是ArrayList的扩容机制
//ArrayList的扩容机制提高了性能，如果每次只扩充一个，
//那么频繁的插入会导致频繁的拷贝，降低性能，而ArrayList的扩容机制避免了这种情况。
/**
* 如有必要，增加此ArrayList实例的容量，以确保它至少能容纳元素的数量
*
* @param minCapacity 所需的最小容量
*/
public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
int minExpand = (elementData != DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA)
// any size if not default element table
? 0
// larger than default for default empty table. It's already
// supposed to be at default size.
: DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
if (minCapacity > minExpand) {
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
}
private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
return minCapacity;
}
// 得到最小扩容量
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
}
// 判断是否需要扩容
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
//调用grow方法进行扩容，调用此方法代表已经开始扩容了
grow(minCapacity);
}
/**
* 要分配的最大数组大小
*/
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
/**
* ArrayList扩容的核心方法。
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// oldCapacity为旧容量，newCapacity为新容量
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
//将oldCapacity 右移一位，其效果相当于oldCapacity /2，
//我们知道位运算的速度远远快于整除运算，整句运算式的结果就是将新容量更新为旧容量的1.5倍，
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
//然后检查新容量是否大于最小需要容量，若还是小于最小需要容量，那么就把最小需要容量当作数组的新容量，
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
//再检查新容量是否超出了ArrayList所定义的最大容量，
//若超出了，则调用hugeCapacity()来比较minCapacity和 MAX_ARRAY_SIZE，
//如果minCapacity大于最大容量，则新容量则为ArrayList定义的最大容量，否则，新容量大小则为 minCapacity。
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
//比较minCapacity和 MAX_ARRAY_SIZE
private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
throw new OutOfMemoryError();
return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
Integer.MAX_VALUE :
MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}重要知识点，ArrayList每次默认扩容1.5倍
3、内部类
(1)private class Itr implements Iterator<E>
(2)private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E>
(3)private class SubList extends AbstractList<E> implements RandomAccess
(4)static final class ArrayListSpliterator<E> implements Spliterator<E> ArrayList有四个内部类，其中的Itr是实现了Iterator接口，同时重写了里面的hasNext()，next()，remove()等方法；其中的ListItr继承Itr，实现了ListIterator接口，同时重写了hasPrevious()，nextIndex()，previousIndex()，previous()，set(E e)，**add(E e)等方法，所以这也可以看出了Iterator和ListIterator的区别:**ListIterator在Iterator的基础上增加了添加对象，修改对象，逆向遍历等方法，这些是Iterator不能实现的。
4、测试代码
package cn.edu.java.util;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
/**
* ArrayListDemo
*
* @author adeng
* @date 2018/9/11 11:11.
*/
public class ArrayListDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<Integer> arrayList = new ArrayList<>();
System.out.printf("元素添加前大小 = %d", arrayList.size());
arrayList.add(1);
arrayList.add(3);
arrayList.add(5);
arrayList.add(7);
arrayList.add(9);
System.out.printf("元素添加后大小 = %d", arrayList.size());
System.out.println("打印ArrayList");
// 三种遍历方式打印元素
// 第一种：通过迭代器遍历
System.out.print("通过迭代器遍历:");
Iterator<Integer> it = arrayList.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.print(it.next() + " ");
}
System.out.println();
// 第二种：通过索引值遍历
System.out.print("通过索引值遍历:");
for (int i = 0; i < arrayList.size(); i++) {
System.out.print(arrayList.get(i) + " ");
}
System.out.println();
// 第三种：for循环遍历
System.out.print("for循环遍历:");
for (Integer number : arrayList) {
System.out.print(number + " ");
}
// toArray用法
// 第一种方式(最常用)
Integer[] integer = arrayList.toArray(new Integer[0]);
// 第二种方式(容易理解)
Integer[] integer1 = new Integer[arrayList.size()];
arrayList.toArray(integer1);
// 抛出异常，java不支持向下转型
//Integer[] integer2 = new Integer[arrayList.size()];
//integer2 = arrayList.toArray();
System.out.println();
// 在指定位置添加元素
arrayList.add(2, 2);
// 删除指定位置上的元素
arrayList.remove(2);
// 删除指定元素
arrayList.remove((Object) 3);
// 判断arrayList是否包含5
System.out.println("ArrayList 包含 5 : " + arrayList.contains(5));
// 清空ArrayList
arrayList.clear();
// 判断ArrayList是否为空
System.out.println("ArrayList 是空的: " + arrayList.isEmpty());
}
}
ArrayList源码
package java.util;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
import sun.misc.SharedSecrets;
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L;
/**
* 默认初始容量大小
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
/**
* 空数组（用于空实例）。
*/
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/**
* 用于默认大小空实例的共享空数组实例。
* 我们把它从EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA数组中区分出来，以知道在添加第一个元素时容量需要增加多少。
*/
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/**
* 保存ArrayList数据的数组
*/
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
/**
* ArrayList 所包含的元素个数
*/
private int size;
/**
* 带初始容量参数的构造函数。（用户自己指定容量）
*/
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}
/**
* 默认构造函数，其默认初始容量为10
*/
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
/**
* 构造一个包含指定集合的元素的列表，按照它们由集合的迭代器返回的顺序。
*/
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
elementData = c.toArray();
//如果指定集合元素个数不为0
if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
// c.toArray 可能返回的不是Object类型的数组所以加上下面的语句用于判断，
//这里用到了反射里面的getClass()方法
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
} else {
// 用空数组代替
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
}
/**
* 修改这个ArrayList实例的容量是列表的当前大小。 应用程序可以使用此操作来最小化ArrayList实例的存储。
*/
public void trimToSize() {
modCount++;
if (size < elementData.length) {
elementData = (size == 0)
? EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
: Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
}
}
//下面是ArrayList的扩容机制
//ArrayList的扩容机制提高了性能，如果每次只扩充一个，
//那么频繁的插入会导致频繁的拷贝，降低性能，而ArrayList的扩容机制避免了这种情况。
/**
* 如有必要，增加此ArrayList实例的容量，以确保它至少能容纳元素的数量
*
* @param minCapacity 所需的最小容量
*/
public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
int minExpand = (elementData != DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA)
// any size if not default element table
? 0
// larger than default for default empty table. It's already
// supposed to be at default size.
: DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
if (minCapacity > minExpand) {
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
}
private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
return minCapacity;
}
// 得到最小扩容量
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
}
// 判断是否需要扩容
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
//调用grow方法进行扩容，调用此方法代表已经开始扩容了
grow(minCapacity);
}
/**
* 要分配的最大数组大小
*/
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
/**
* ArrayList扩容的核心方法。
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// oldCapacity为旧容量，newCapacity为新容量
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
//将oldCapacity 右移一位，其效果相当于oldCapacity /2，
//我们知道位运算的速度远远快于整除运算，整句运算式的结果就是将新容量更新为旧容量的1.5倍，
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
//然后检查新容量是否大于最小需要容量，若还是小于最小需要容量，那么就把最小需要容量当作数组的新容量，
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
//再检查新容量是否超出了ArrayList所定义的最大容量，
//若超出了，则调用hugeCapacity()来比较minCapacity和 MAX_ARRAY_SIZE，
//如果minCapacity大于最大容量，则新容量则为ArrayList定义的最大容量，否则，新容量大小则为 minCapacity。
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
//比较minCapacity和 MAX_ARRAY_SIZE
private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
throw new OutOfMemoryError();
return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
Integer.MAX_VALUE :
MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}
/**
* 返回此列表中的元素数。
*/
public int size() {
return size;
}
/**
* 如果此列表不包含元素，则返回 true 。
*/
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
/**
* 如果此列表包含指定的元素，则返回true 。
*/
public boolean contains(Object o) {
// indexOf()方法：返回此列表中指定元素的首次出现的索引，如果此列表不包含此元素，则为-1
return indexOf(o) >= 0;
}
/**
* 返回此列表中指定元素的首次出现的索引，如果此列表不包含此元素，则为-1
*/
public int indexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
// equals()方法比较
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
/**
* 返回此列表中指定元素的最后一次出现的索引，如果此列表不包含元素，则返回-1。
*/
public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
/**
* 返回此ArrayList实例的浅拷贝。 （元素本身不被复制。）
*
* @return a clone of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance
*/
public Object clone() {
try {
//Arrays.copyOf功能是实现数组的复制，返回复制后的数组。参数是被复制的数组和复制的长度
ArrayList<?> v = (ArrayList<?>) super.clone();
v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
v.modCount = 0;
return v;
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// 这不应该发生，因为我们是可以克隆的
throw new InternalError(e);
}
}
/**
* 以正确的顺序（从第一个到最后一个元素）返回一个包含此列表中所有元素的数组。
*
* <返回的数组将是“安全的”，因为该列表不保留对它的引用。 （换句话说，这个方法必须分配一个新的数组）。
* 因此，调用者可以自由地修改返回的数组。 此方法充当基于阵列和基于集合的API之间的桥梁。
*/
public Object[] toArray() {
return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
}
/**
* 以正确的顺序返回一个包含此列表中所有元素的数组（从第一个到最后一个元素）;
* 返回的数组的运行时类型是指定数组的运行时类型。 如果列表适合指定的数组，则返回其中。
* 否则，将为指定数组的运行时类型和此列表的大小分配一个新数组。
* 如果列表适用于指定的数组，其余空间（即数组的列表数量多于此元素），则紧跟在集合结束后的数组中的元素设置为null 。
* （这仅在调用者知道列表不包含任何空元素的情况下才能确定列表的长度。）
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
if (a.length < size)
// 新建一个运行时类型的数组，但是ArrayList数组的内容
return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, a.getClass());
//调用System提供的arraycopy()方法实现数组之间的复制
System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, size);
if (a.length > size)
a[size] = null;
return a;
}
// Positional Access Operations
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
E elementData(int index) {
return (E) elementData[index];
}
/**
* 返回此列表中指定位置的元素。
*/
public E get(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
return elementData(index);
}
/**
* 用指定的元素替换此列表中指定位置的元素。并且返回原来位置的值
*/
public E set(int index, E element) {
rangeCheck(index);
E oldValue = elementData(index);
elementData[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
/**
* 将指定的元素追加到此列表的末尾。相当于操作数组，所以速度很快
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
/**
* 在此列表中的指定位置插入指定的元素。
* 先调用 rangeCheckForAdd 对index进行界限检查；然后调用 ensureCapacityInternal 方法保证capacity足够大；
* 再将从index开始之后的所有成员后移一个位置；将element插入index位置；最后size加1。
*/
public void add(int index, E element) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
// 核心方法
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
size - index);
elementData[index] = element;
size++;
}
/**
* 删除该列表中指定位置的元素并返回。 将任何后续元素移动到左侧（从其索引中减去一个元素）
*/
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
modCount++;
E oldValue = elementData(index);
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
/**
* 从列表中删除指定元素的第一个出现（如果存在）。 如果列表不包含该元素，则它不会更改。
* 如果返回true，表示移除成功，否则元素不存在
*/
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/*
* Private remove method that skips bounds checking and does not
* return the value removed.
*/
private void fastRemove(int index) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}
/**
* 从列表中删除所有元素。
*/
public void clear() {
modCount++;
// clear to let GC do its work
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
size = 0;
}
/**
* 按指定集合的Iterator返回的顺序将指定集合中的所有元素追加到此列表的末尾。
*/
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
/**
* 将指定集合中的所有元素插入到此列表中，从指定的位置开始。索引后面的往后移动
*/
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
int numMoved = size - index;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,
numMoved);
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
/**
* 从此列表中删除所有索引为fromIndex （含）和toIndex之间的元素。
* 后续元素左移，左闭右开
*/
protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - toIndex;
System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex,
numMoved);
// clear to let GC do its work
int newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex);
for (int i = newSize; i < size; i++) {
elementData[i] = null;
}
size = newSize;
}
/**
* 检查给定的索引是否在范围内。
*/
private void rangeCheck(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
/**
* add和addAll使用的rangeCheck的一个版本
*/
private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
if (index > size || index < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
/**
* 返回IndexOutOfBoundsException细节信息
*/
private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size;
}
/**
* 从此列表中删除指定集合中包含的所有元素。
*/
public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
return batchRemove(c, false);
}
/**
* 仅保留此列表中包含在指定集合中的元素。换句话说，从此列表中删除其中不包含在指定集合中的所有元素。
*/
public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
return batchRemove(c, true);
}
private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {
final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
int r = 0, w = 0;
boolean modified = false;
try {
for (; r < size; r++)
if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
} finally {
// Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,
// even if c.contains() throws.
if (r != size) {
System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
elementData, w,
size - r);
w += size - r;
}
if (w != size) {
// clear to let GC do its work
for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
modCount += size - w;
size = w;
modified = true;
}
}
return modified;
}
/**
* Save the state of the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance to a stream (that
* is, serialize it).
*
* @serialData The length of the array backing the <tt>ArrayList</tt>
* instance is emitted (int), followed by all of its elements
* (each an <tt>Object</tt>) in the proper order.
*/
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException{
// Write out element count, and any hidden stuff
int expectedModCount = modCount;
s.defaultWriteObject();
// Write out size as capacity for behavioural compatibility with clone()
s.writeInt(size);
// Write out all elements in the proper order.
for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
s.writeObject(elementData[i]);
}
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
/**
* Reconstitute the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance from a stream (that is,
* deserialize it).
*/
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
// Read in size, and any hidden stuff
s.defaultReadObject();
// Read in capacity
s.readInt(); // ignored
if (size > 0) {
// be like clone(), allocate array based upon size not capacity
int capacity = calculateCapacity(elementData, size);
SharedSecrets.getJavaOISAccess().checkArray(s, Object[].class, capacity);
ensureCapacityInternal(size);
Object[] a = elementData;
// Read in all elements in the proper order.
for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
a[i] = s.readObject();
}
}
}
/**
* 从列表中的指定位置开始，返回列表中的元素（按正确顺序）的列表迭代器。
* 指定的索引表示初始调用将返回的第一个元素为next 。 初始调用previous将返回指定索引减1的元素。
* 返回的列表迭代器是fail-fast 。
*/
public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index > size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index);
return new ListItr(index);
}
/**
* 返回列表中的列表迭代器（按适当的顺序）。
* 返回的列表迭代器是fail-fast 。
*/
public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
return new ListItr(0);
}
/**
* 以正确的顺序返回该列表中的元素的迭代器。
* 返回的迭代器是fail-fast 。
*/
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return new Itr();
}
/**
* An optimized version of AbstractList.Itr
*/
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
int cursor; // index of next element to return
int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such
int expectedModCount = modCount;
Itr() {}
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != size;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public E next() {
checkForComodification();
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i + 1;
return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
}
public void remove() {
if (lastRet < 0)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
cursor = lastRet;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = modCount;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
final int size = ArrayList.this.size;
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size) {
return;
}
final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {
consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]);
}
// update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic
cursor = i;
lastRet = i - 1;
checkForComodification();
}
final void checkForComodification() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
/**
* An optimized version of AbstractList.ListItr
*/
private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> {
ListItr(int index) {
super();
cursor = index;
}
public boolean hasPrevious() {
return cursor != 0;
}
public int nextIndex() {
return cursor;
}
public int previousIndex() {
return cursor - 1;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public E previous() {
checkForComodification();
int i = cursor - 1;
if (i < 0)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i;
return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
}
public void set(E e) {
if (lastRet < 0)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
ArrayList.this.set(lastRet, e);
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
public void add(E e) {
checkForComodification();
try {
int i = cursor;
ArrayList.this.add(i, e);
cursor = i + 1;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = modCount;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified
* {@code fromIndex}, inclusive, and {@code toIndex}, exclusive. (If
* {@code fromIndex} and {@code toIndex} are equal, the returned list is
* empty.) The returned list is backed by this list, so non-structural
* changes in the returned list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa.
* The returned list supports all of the optional list operations.
*
* <p>This method eliminates the need for explicit range operations (of
* the sort that commonly exist for arrays). Any operation that expects
* a list can be used as a range operation by passing a subList view
* instead of a whole list. For example, the following idiom
* removes a range of elements from a list:
* <pre>
* list.subList(from, to).clear();
* </pre>
* Similar idioms may be constructed for {@link #indexOf(Object)} and
* {@link #lastIndexOf(Object)}, and all of the algorithms in the
* {@link Collections} class can be applied to a subList.
*
* <p>The semantics of the list returned by this method become undefined if
* the backing list (i.e., this list) is <i>structurally modified</i> in
* any way other than via the returned list. (Structural modifications are
* those that change the size of this list, or otherwise perturb it in such
* a fashion that iterations in progress may yield incorrect results.)
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size);
return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex);
}
static void subListRangeCheck(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int size) {
if (fromIndex < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("fromIndex = " + fromIndex);
if (toIndex > size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex = " + toIndex);
if (fromIndex > toIndex)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("fromIndex(" + fromIndex +
") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")");
}
private class SubList extends AbstractList<E> implements RandomAccess {
private final AbstractList<E> parent;
private final int parentOffset;
private final int offset;
int size;
SubList(AbstractList<E> parent,
int offset, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
this.parent = parent;
this.parentOffset = fromIndex;
this.offset = offset + fromIndex;
this.size = toIndex - fromIndex;
this.modCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
}
public E set(int index, E e) {
rangeCheck(index);
checkForComodification();
E oldValue = ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index);
ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e;
return oldValue;
}
public E get(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
checkForComodification();
return ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index);
}
public int size() {
checkForComodification();
return this.size;
}
public void add(int index, E e) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
checkForComodification();
parent.add(parentOffset + index, e);
this.modCount = parent.modCount;
this.size++;
}
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
checkForComodification();
E result = parent.remove(parentOffset + index);
this.modCount = parent.modCount;
this.size--;
return result;
}
protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
checkForComodification();
parent.removeRange(parentOffset + fromIndex,
parentOffset + toIndex);
this.modCount = parent.modCount;
this.size -= toIndex - fromIndex;
}
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
return addAll(this.size, c);
}
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
int cSize = c.size();
if (cSize==0)
return false;
checkForComodification();
parent.addAll(parentOffset + index, c);
this.modCount = parent.modCount;
this.size += cSize;
return true;
}
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return listIterator();
}
public ListIterator<E> listIterator(final int index) {
checkForComodification();
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
final int offset = this.offset;
return new ListIterator<E>() {
int cursor = index;
int lastRet = -1;
int expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != SubList.this.size;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public E next() {
checkForComodification();
int i = cursor;
if (i >= SubList.this.size)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (offset + i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i + 1;
return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)];
}
public boolean hasPrevious() {
return cursor != 0;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public E previous() {
checkForComodification();
int i = cursor - 1;
if (i < 0)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (offset + i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i;
return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)];
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
final int size = SubList.this.size;
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size) {
return;
}
final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (offset + i >= elementData.length) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {
consumer.accept((E) elementData[offset + (i++)]);
}
// update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic
lastRet = cursor = i;
checkForComodification();
}
public int nextIndex() {
return cursor;
}
public int previousIndex() {
return cursor - 1;
}
public void remove() {
if (lastRet < 0)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
SubList.this.remove(lastRet);
cursor = lastRet;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
public void set(E e) {
if (lastRet < 0)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
ArrayList.this.set(offset + lastRet, e);
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
public void add(E e) {
checkForComodification();
try {
int i = cursor;
SubList.this.add(i, e);
cursor = i + 1;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
final void checkForComodification() {
if (expectedModCount != ArrayList.this.modCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
};
}
public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size);
return new SubList(this, offset, fromIndex, toIndex);
}
private void rangeCheck(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= this.size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index > this.size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+this.size;
}
private void checkForComodification() {
if (ArrayList.this.modCount != this.modCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
public Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
checkForComodification();
return new ArrayListSpliterator<E>(ArrayList.this, offset,
offset + this.size, this.modCount);
}
}
@Override
public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
final E[] elementData = (E[]) this.elementData;
final int size = this.size;
for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i < size; i++) {
action.accept(elementData[i]);
}
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
/**
* Creates a <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>
* and <em>fail-fast</em> {@link Spliterator} over the elements in this
* list.
*
* <p>The {@code Spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#SIZED},
* {@link Spliterator#SUBSIZED}, and {@link Spliterator#ORDERED}.
* Overriding implementations should document the reporting of additional
* characteristic values.
*
* @return a {@code Spliterator} over the elements in this list
* @since 1.8
*/
@Override
public Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
return new ArrayListSpliterator<>(this, 0, -1, 0);
}
/** Index-based split-by-two, lazily initialized Spliterator */
static final class ArrayListSpliterator<E> implements Spliterator<E> {
/*
* If ArrayLists were immutable, or structurally immutable (no
* adds, removes, etc), we could implement their spliterators
* with Arrays.spliterator. Instead we detect as much
* interference during traversal as practical without
* sacrificing much performance. We rely primarily on
* modCounts. These are not guaranteed to detect concurrency
* violations, and are sometimes overly conservative about
* within-thread interference, but detect enough problems to
* be worthwhile in practice. To carry this out, we (1) lazily
* initialize fence and expectedModCount until the latest
* point that we need to commit to the state we are checking
* against; thus improving precision. (This doesn't apply to
* SubLists, that create spliterators with current non-lazy
* values). (2) We perform only a single
* ConcurrentModificationException check at the end of forEach
* (the most performance-sensitive method). When using forEach
* (as opposed to iterators), we can normally only detect
* interference after actions, not before. Further
* CME-triggering checks apply to all other possible
* violations of assumptions for example null or too-small
* elementData array given its size(), that could only have
* occurred due to interference. This allows the inner loop
* of forEach to run without any further checks, and
* simplifies lambda-resolution. While this does entail a
* number of checks, note that in the common case of
* list.stream().forEach(a), no checks or other computation
* occur anywhere other than inside forEach itself. The other
* less-often-used methods cannot take advantage of most of
* these streamlinings.
*/
private final ArrayList<E> list;
private int index; // current index, modified on advance/split
private int fence; // -1 until used; then one past last index
private int expectedModCount; // initialized when fence set
/** Create new spliterator covering the given range */
ArrayListSpliterator(ArrayList<E> list, int origin, int fence,
int expectedModCount) {
this.list = list; // OK if null unless traversed
this.index = origin;
this.fence = fence;
this.expectedModCount = expectedModCount;
}
private int getFence() { // initialize fence to size on first use
int hi; // (a specialized variant appears in method forEach)
ArrayList<E> lst;
if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
if ((lst = list) == null)
hi = fence = 0;
else {
expectedModCount = lst.modCount;
hi = fence = lst.size;
}
}
return hi;
}
public ArrayListSpliterator<E> trySplit() {
int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
return (lo >= mid) ? null : // divide range in half unless too small
new ArrayListSpliterator<E>(list, lo, index = mid,
expectedModCount);
}
public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super E> action) {
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hi = getFence(), i = index;
if (i < hi) {
index = i + 1;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E)list.elementData[i];
action.accept(e);
if (list.modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
return true;
}
return false;
}
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
int i, hi, mc; // hoist accesses and checks from loop
ArrayList<E> lst; Object[] a;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if ((lst = list) != null && (a = lst.elementData) != null) {
if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
mc = lst.modCount;
hi = lst.size;
}
else
mc = expectedModCount;
if ((i = index) >= 0 && (index = hi) <= a.length) {
for (; i < hi; ++i) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) a[i];
action.accept(e);
}
if (lst.modCount == mc)
return;
}
}
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
public long estimateSize() {
return (long) (getFence() - index);
}
public int characteristics() {
return Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
}
}
@Override
public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
Objects.requireNonNull(filter);
// figure out which elements are to be removed
// any exception thrown from the filter predicate at this stage
// will leave the collection unmodified
int removeCount = 0;
final BitSet removeSet = new BitSet(size);
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
final int size = this.size;
for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i < size; i++) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
final E element = (E) elementData[i];
if (filter.test(element)) {
removeSet.set(i);
removeCount++;
}
}
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
// shift surviving elements left over the spaces left by removed elements
final boolean anyToRemove = removeCount > 0;
if (anyToRemove) {
final int newSize = size - removeCount;
for (int i=0, j=0; (i < size) && (j < newSize); i++, j++) {
i = removeSet.nextClearBit(i);
elementData[j] = elementData[i];
}
for (int k=newSize; k < size; k++) {
elementData[k] = null; // Let gc do its work
}
this.size = newSize;
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
modCount++;
}
return anyToRemove;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
Objects.requireNonNull(operator);
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
final int size = this.size;
for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i < size; i++) {
elementData[i] = operator.apply((E) elementData[i]);
}
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
modCount++;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
Arrays.sort((E[]) elementData, 0, size, c);
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
modCount++;
}
}
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