转载地址:https://blog.csdn.net/liuxiao723846/article/details/79391650
ZK 类似文件系统，Client 可以在上面创建节点、更新节点、删除节点等如何做到权限的控制？查阅文档，zk的ack（Access Control List）能够保证权限，但是调研完后发现它不是很好用。
ACL 权限控制，使用：schema:id:permission 来标识，主要涵盖 3 个方面：
- 权限模式（Schema）：鉴权的策略
- 授权对象（ID）
- 权限（Permission）
其特性如下：
- ZooKeeper的权限控制是基于每个znode节点的，需要对每个节点设置权限
- 每个znode支持设置多种权限控制方案和多个权限
- 子节点不会继承父节点的权限，客户端无权访问某节点，但可能可以访问它的子节点
一、接下来，我们逐一讲解schema、id和permission三个知识点。
1、schema：
ZooKeeper内置了一些权限控制方案，可以用以下方案为每个节点设置权限：
| 方案 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| world | 只有一个用户：anyone，代表所有人（默认） |
| ip | 使用IP地址认证 |
| auth | 使用已添加认证的用户认证 |
| digest | 使用“用户名:密码”方式认证 |
2、id：
授权对象ID是指，权限赋予的用户或者一个实体，例如：IP 地址或者机器。授权模式 schema 与 授权对象 ID 之间关系：
3、权限permission：
| 权限 | ACL简写 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| CREATE | c | 可以创建子节点 |
| DELETE | d | 可以删除子节点（仅下一级节点） |
| READ | r | 可以读取节点数据及显示子节点列表 |
| WRITE | w | 可以设置节点数据 |
| ADMIN | a | 可以设置节点访问控制列表权限 |
二、权限相关命令：
| 命令 | 使用方式 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| getAcl | getAcl <path> | 读取ACL权限 |
| setAcl | setAcl <path> <acl> | 设置ACL权限 |
| addauth | addauth <scheme> <auth> | 添加认证用户 |
三、实战：
1、World方案：
1）设置方式
setAcl <path> world:anyone:<acl>2）客户端实例：
-
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node1 1 -
Created /node1 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] getAcl /node1 -
'world,'anyone #默认为world方案 -
: cdrwa #任何人都拥有所有权限 -
#可以用以下方式设置： -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] setAcl /node1 world:anyone:cdrwa -
cZxid = 0x19000002a1 -
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
mZxid = 0x19000002a1 -
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
pZxid = 0x19000002a1 -
cversion = 0 -
dataVersion = 0 -
aclVersion = 1 -
ephemeralOwner = 0x0 -
dataLength = 1 -
numChildren = 0
2、IP方案：
1）设置方式
setAcl <path> ip:<ip>:<acl><ip>：可以是具体IP也可以是IP/bit格式，即IP转换为二进制，匹配前bit位，如192.168.0.0/16匹配192.168.*.*
2）客户端实例
-
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node2 1 -
Created /node2 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] setAcl /node2 ip:192.168.100.1:cdrwa #设置IP：192.168.100.1 拥有所有权限 -
cZxid = 0x1900000239 -
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
mZxid = 0x1900000239 -
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
pZxid = 0x1900000239 -
cversion = 0 -
dataVersion = 0 -
aclVersion = 1 -
ephemeralOwner = 0x0 -
dataLength = 1 -
numChildren = 0 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] getAcl /node2 -
'ip,'192.168.100.1 -
: cdrwa -
#使用IP非 192.168.100.1 的机器 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] get /node2 -
Authentication is not valid : /node2 #没有权限 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] delete /node2 #删除成功（因为设置DELETE权限仅对下一级子节点有效，并不包含此节点）
3、Auth方案
1）设置方式
-
addauth digest <user>:<password> #添加认证用户 -
setAcl <path> auth:<user>:<acl>
2）客户端实例
-
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node3 1 -
Created /node3 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] addauth digest yoonper:123456 #添加认证用户 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] setAcl /node3 auth:yoonper:cdrwa -
cZxid = 0x19000002b8 -
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
mZxid = 0x19000002b8 -
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
pZxid = 0x19000002b8 -
cversion = 0 -
dataVersion = 0 -
aclVersion = 1 -
ephemeralOwner = 0x0 -
dataLength = 1 -
numChildren = 0 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] getAcl /node3 -
'digest,'yoonper:UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs= -
: cdrwa -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] get /node3 -
1 #刚才已经添加认证用户，可以直接读取数据，断开会话重连需要重新addauth添加认证用户 -
cZxid = 0x1900000418 -
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
mZxid = 0x1900000418 -
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
pZxid = 0x1900000418 -
cversion = 0 -
dataVersion = 0 -
aclVersion = 1 -
ephemeralOwner = 0x0 -
dataLength = 1 -
numChildren = 0
4、Digest方案
1）设置方式
setAcl <path> digest:<user>:<password>:<acl>这里的密码是经过SHA1及BASE64处理的密文，在SHELL中可以通过以下命令计算：
echo -n <user>:<password> | openssl dgst -binary -sha1 | openssl base64先来计算一个密文
-
echo -n yoonper:123456 | openssl dgst -binary -sha1 | openssl base64 -
UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=
2）客户端实例
-
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node4 1 -
Created /node4 -
#使用是上面算好的密文密码添加权限： -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] setAcl /node4 digest:yoonper:UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=:cdrwa -
cZxid = 0x19000002e3 -
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
mZxid = 0x19000002e3 -
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
pZxid = 0x19000002e3 -
cversion = 0 -
dataVersion = 0 -
aclVersion = 1 -
ephemeralOwner = 0x0 -
dataLength = 1 -
numChildren = 0 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] getAcl /node4 -
'digest,'yoonper:UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs= -
: cdrwa -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] get /node4 -
Authentication is not valid : /node4 #没有权限 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] addauth digest yoonper:123456 #添加认证用户 -
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] get /node4 -
1 #成功读取数据 -
cZxid = 0x1900000420 -
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
mZxid = 0x1900000420 -
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017 -
pZxid = 0x1900000420 -
cversion = 0 -
dataVersion = 0 -
aclVersion = 1 -
ephemeralOwner = 0x0 -
dataLength = 1 -
numChildren = 0
5、java客户单实例：
-
import java.io.IOException; -
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; -
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode; -
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException; -
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent; -
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher; -
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType; -
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState; -
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids; -
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; -
import com.zookeeper.utils.CommonParams; -
public class Zookeeper_Acl_Create extends CommonParams implements Watcher { -
private static CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); -
private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); -
private static ZooKeeper zk = null; -
public void syncInit() { -
try { -
zk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_IP, 5000, -
new Zookeeper_Acl_Create()); -
latch.await(); -
zk.addAuthInfo("digest", "username:password".getBytes()); -
zk.create("/act", "init".getBytes(), Ids.CREATOR_ALL_ACL, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL); -
ZooKeeper zk3 = new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_IP, 5000, -
null); -
zk3.addAuthInfo("digest", "username:password".getBytes()); -
String value2 = new String(zk3.getData("/act", false, null)); -
System.out.println("zk3有权限进行数据的获取" + value2); -
ZooKeeper zk2 = new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_IP, 5000, -
null); -
zk2.addAuthInfo("digest", "super:123".getBytes()); -
zk2.getData("/act", false, null); -
} catch (InterruptedException e) { -
e.printStackTrace(); -
} catch (IOException e) { -
e.printStackTrace(); -
} catch (KeeperException e) { -
System.out.println("异常:" + e.getMessage()); -
System.out.println("zk2没有权限进行数据的获取"); -
countDownLatch.countDown(); -
} -
} -
@Override -
public void process(WatchedEvent event) { -
if (KeeperState.SyncConnected == event.getState()) { -
if (event.getType() == EventType.None && null == event.getPath()) { -
latch.countDown(); -
} -
} -
} -
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { -
Zookeeper_Acl_Create acl_Create = new Zookeeper_Acl_Create(); -
acl_Create.syncInit(); -
countDownLatch.await(); -
} -
}
输出：
-
zk3有权限进行数据的获取init -
异常:KeeperErrorCode = NoAuth for /act -
zk2没有权限进行数据的获取