基于MySQL元数据的Hive的安装

前期工作

安装JDK
安装Hadoop
安装MySQL

安装Hive

下载Hive安装包

可以从 Apache 其中一个镜像站点中下载最新稳定版的 Hive, apache-hive-2.1.0-bin.tar.gz。

解压安装Hive

使用以下命令安装 Hive:

sudo mv apache-hive-2.1.0-bin.tar.gz /opt
cd /opt
sudo tar -xzvf apache-hive-2.1.0-bin.tar.gz    ##解压
sudo ln -s apache-hive-2.1.0-bin hive    ##创建软链接

设置 Hive环境变量

编辑 .bash_profile 文件, 在其中添加以下内容:

# Hive Env
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

使环境变量生效:

source .bash_profile

配置Hive

配置文件重命名

在运行 Hive 之前需要使用以下命令修改配置文件:

cd /opt/hive/conf
cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
cp hive-log4j2.properties.template hive-log4j2.properties
cp hive-exec-log4j2.properties.template hive-exec-log4j2.properties

修改hive-env.sh

因为 Hive 使用了 Hadoop, 需要在 hive-env.sh 文件中指定 Hadoop 安装路径：

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/java    ##Java路径
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop   ##Hadoop安装路径
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive    ##Hive安装路径
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/hive/conf    ##Hive配置文件路径

修改hive-site.xml

替换hive-site.xml文件中的 ${system:java.io.tmpdir} 和 ${system:user.name}

<property><name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name><value>/tmp/hive-${user.name}</value><description>HDFS root scratch dir for Hive jobs which gets created with write all (733) permission. For each connecting user, an HDFS scratch dir: ${hive.exec.scratchdir}/&lt;username&gt; is created, with ${hive.scratch.dir.permission}.</description></property><property><name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name><value>/tmp/${user.name}</value><description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description></property><property><name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name><value>/tmp/hive/resources</value><description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description></property><property><name>hive.querylog.location</name><value>/tmp/${user.name}</value><description>Location of Hive run time structured log file</description></property><property><name>hive.server2.logging.operation.log.location</name><value>/tmp/${user.name}/operation_logs</value><description>Top level directory where operation logs are stored if logging functionality is enabled</description></property>

配置Hive Metastore

默认情况下, Hive的元数据保存在了内嵌的 derby 数据库里, 但一般情况下生产环境使用 MySQL 来存放 Hive 元数据。

将 mysql-connector-java-5.1.39.jar 放入 $HIVE_HOME/lib 下。

hive-site.xml 中配置 MySQL 数据库连接信息

<property>
 <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
 <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false</value>
</property>
<property>
 <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
 <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property>
 <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
 <value>hive</value>
</property>
<property>
 <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
 <value>hive</value>
</property>

为Hive创建HDFS目录

在 Hive 中创建表之前需要使用以下 HDFS 命令创建 /tmp 和 /user/hive/warehouse (hive-site.xml 配置文件中属性项 hive.metastore.warehouse.dir 的默认值) 目录并给它们赋写权限。

hdfs dfs -mkdir /tmp
hdfs dfs -mkdir /usr/hive/warehouse
hdfs dfs -chmod g+w /tmp
hdfs dfs -chmod g+w /usr/hive/warehouse

运行Hive

在命令行运行 hive 命令时必须保证 HDFS 已经启动。可以使用 start-dfs.sh 来启动 HDFS。

从 Hive 2.1 版本开始, 我们需要先运行 schematool 命令来执行初始化操作。

schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

执行成功后，可以使用 Sequel Pro 查看元数据库 hive 是否已经创建成功。

hive-metastore

要使用 Hive CLI（Hive command line interface）, 可以在终端输入以下命令：

hive

启动信息如下:

hive-start

使用 show tables 来显示所有的表:

hive-sql

问题总结

SSL问题

启动 hive 时，提示以下信息：

Sat May 21 10:25:12 CST 2016 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL
connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.

解决方法：在 hive-site.xml 配置文件中 javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL 配置项的值上加上 useSSL=false。即最后的配置如下：

<property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
    <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false</value>
    <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
  </property>

initSchema问题

启动 hive 时，提示以下信息：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Hive metastore database is not initialized. Please use schematool (e.g. ./schematool -initSchema -dbType ...) to create the schema. If needed, don't forget to include the option to auto-create the underlying database in your JDBC connection string (e.g. ?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true for mysql)

解决方法：执行 schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql。即安装 Hive 后，在首次运行 hive 之前要执行以上命令。

相对路径问题

启动Hive时报以下错误:

Exception in thread "main"java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI:${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D
        atorg.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:444)
        atorg.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:672)
        atorg.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:616)
        atsun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        atsun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        atsun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        atorg.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:160)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI:${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D
        atorg.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.initialize(Path.java:148)
        atorg.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.<init>(Path.java:126)
        atorg.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:487)
        atorg.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:430)
        ... 7more

解决方案：将 hive-site.xml 中的 ${system:java.io.tmpdir} 和 ${system:user.name} 分别替换成 /tmp 和 ${user.name}

mysql-connector-java版本问题

启动Hive时报以下错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:578)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.beginStart(SessionState.java:518)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:705)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:641)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.registerAllFunctionsOnce(Hive.java:226)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.<init>(Hive.java:366)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.create(Hive.java:310)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getInternal(Hive.java:290)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.get(Hive.java:266)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:545)
    ... 9 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1627)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:80)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:130)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:101)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:3317)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3356)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3336)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getAllFunctions(Hive.java:3590)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.reloadFunctions(Hive.java:236)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.registerAllFunctionsOnce(Hive.java:221)
    ... 14 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1625)
    ... 23 more
Caused by: javax.jdo.JDODataStoreException: Exception thrown obtaining schema column information from datastore
NestedThrowables:
java.sql.SQLException: Column name pattern can not be NULL or empty.
    at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.NucleusJDOHelper.getJDOExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJDOHelper.java:543)
    at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.jdoMakePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:720)
    at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.makePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:740)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.setMetaStoreSchemaVersion(ObjectStore.java:7763)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.checkSchema(ObjectStore.java:7657)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.verifySchema(ObjectStore.java:7632)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.invoke(RawStoreProxy.java:101)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy21.verifySchema(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMS(HiveMetaStore.java:547)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.createDefaultDB(HiveMetaStore.java:612)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.init(HiveMetaStore.java:398)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandler.java:78)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.getProxy(RetryingHMSHandler.java:84)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:6396)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:236)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(SessionHiveMetaStoreClient.java:70)
    ... 28 more

解决方案：将 $HIVE_HOME/lib 下的 mysql-connector-java-6.0.3.jar 替换成 mysql-connector-java-5.1.39.jar。原因分析：mysql-connector-java 6.x 版本和 5.1.x 版本不兼容 , nullNamePatternMatchesAll 连接属性的默认值在 mysql-connector-java 5.1 和 6.0 之间发生了改变. 在 5.1 版本中默认值是 true, 而 6.0 版本中默认值是 false。可以参考文章 https://liquibase.jira.com/browse/CORE-2723。