PHP正则表达常用函数详细讲解

php中常用的正则表达式函数
* preg_match()
* preg_match_all()
* preg_replace()
* preg_filter()
* preg_grep()
* preg_split()
* preg_quote()

接下来对比讲解：

讲解中 $pattern 通常正则表达式 $subject 通常表示目标处理数据
定义一个方法方便查看数据类型：

function show($val = null){
    if(empty($val)){
        //打印空
        echo 'mull';
    }elseif(is_array($val) || is_object($val)){
        //打印数组或者对象
        echo '<pre>';
        print_r($val);
        echo '</pre>';
    }else{
        //打印string int float
        echo $val;
    }

}

preg_match()与preg_match_all()

  /*方法简单说明*/
  preg_match($pattern,$subject,[array &$matches])  
  //匹配一次  第三个参数可选  匹配结果放置matches数组
  preg_match_all($pattern,$subject,array &matches) 
  //匹配多次  三参必选      匹配结果放置matches数组

$pattern = '/[0-9]/';
$subject='b5fg4sgf3sd2f1g';
$m1 =preg_match($pattern,$subject,$arr1);
show($m1);
show($arr1);
/*
 1
Array
(
    [0] => 5
)
 */

$m2 =preg_match_all($pattern,$subject,$arr2);
show($m2);
show($arr2);
/*
 5
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 5
            [1] => 4
            [2] => 3
            [3] => 2
            [4] => 1
        )

)
 */

2.preg_replace()与preg_filter()

/*方法简单说明*/
/*
 *
 * preg_replace与preg_filter
 * preg_replace($pattern,$replacement,$subject)
 * //正则替换函数被替换对象是数组 返回全部
//正则替换函数 被替换对象是数组 仅返回被替换元素
 * 联想：str_repalce() 
 * echo str_replace("world","Shanghai","Hello world!");
 * //得到Hello Shanghai!

//第一测 字符串中替换字符串 结论：此处preg_replace()与preg_filter()无区别
$pattern = '/[0-9]/';
$subject='b65fg4sgf3sd2f1g';
$replacement = '_';
$str1 = preg_replace($pattern,$replacement,$subject);
$str2 = preg_filter($pattern,$replacement,$subject);
echo '<hr>';
show($str1);
echo '<br>';
show($str2);
/*
b__fg_sgf_sd_f_g
b__fg_sgf_sd_f_g
 */

 //第二测  字符串中根据数组正则 替换  结论：此处preg_replace()与preg_filter()无区别
$pattern = array('/[123]/','/[456]/','/[789]/');
$subject='b123fg3456sgf3789f1g';
$replacement = array('天','地','人');
$str3 = preg_replace($pattern,$replacement,$subject);
$str4 = preg_filter($pattern,$replacement,$subject);
echo '<hr>';
show($str3);
echo '<br>';
show($str4);
/*
b天天天fg天地地地sgf天人人人f天g
b天天天fg天地地地sgf天人人人f天g
 */

 //第三测  数组中根据数组正则 替换  结论：此处展示preg_repalce()与preg_filter()区别
$pattern = array('/[123]/','/[456]/','/[789]/');
$subject=array('b','fg3','456','sgf','789','fg');
$replacement = array('天','地','人');
$str5 = preg_replace($pattern,$replacement,$subject);
$str6 = preg_filter($pattern,$replacement,$subject);
echo '<hr>';
show($str5);
echo '<br>';
show($str6);
/*
Array
(
    [0] => b
    [1] => fg天
    [2] => 地地地
    [3] => sgf
    [4] => 人人人
    [5] => fg
)

Array
(
    [1] => fg天
    [2] => 地地地
    [4] => 人人人
)
 */

3 . preg_grep($pattern, array $subject) //此处$subject只可以为一维数组

/*函数说明*/
preg_grep($pattern,array $input)//只可以匹配一维数组 返回匹配成功的数组元素
可以理解preg_grep()为阉割版 preg_filter()
只做了匹配 不作替换

$pattern = '/[0-9]/';
$subject=array('b','fg3','456','sgf','789','fg');


$arr = preg_grep($pattern,$subject);
show($arr);
/*
Array
(
    [1] => fg3
    [2] => 456
    [4] => 789
)
 */

4 . preg_split($pattern,$subject)//一匹配成功为切割点切割字符串成数组
可以理解preg_split()升级版的explode()

$pattern = '/[0-9]/';
$subject='bfg3456sgf789fg';
$arr = preg_split($pattern,$subject);
show($arr);
/*
Array
(
    [0] => bfg
    [1] =>
    [2] =>
    [3] =>
    [4] => sgf
    [5] =>
    [6] =>
    [7] => fg
)
 */

5 . preg_quote($str) 正则运算符转译

/*
 * preg_quote($str) 正则运算符转译
 *  . \ + * ? [ ^ ] $ () {} = ! < > | : -
 *
 */
echo '<hr>';
$str = "qewr{asdf}[123]";
$str =preg_quote($str);
print_r($str);
/*
qewr\{asdf\}\[123\]*/

简单总结通性：
preg_ 开头
除preg_quote函数以外，第一个参数都是正则表达式
preg_match 表单验证等
preg_replace 非法词语过滤等

PHP正则表达常用函数详细讲解

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