单线程的并发,协程

IO多路复用

作用:检测多个socket是否已经发生变化(是否已经连接成功/是否已经获取数据)

setblocking(Flase)

让原本阻塞的变成非阻塞(不等待)状态

import socket
import select

sk = socket.socket()
sk.setblocking(False)
try:
    sk.connect(("www.baidu.com",80))
except BlockingIOError as e:
    pass



sk1 = socket.socket()
sk1.setblocking(False)
try:
    sk1.connect(("www.douban.com",80))
except BlockingIOError as e:
    pass





sk2 = socket.socket()
sk2.setblocking(False)
try:
    sk2.connect(("www.zhihu.com",80))
except BlockingIOError as e:
    pass

基于IO多路复用+socket实现并发请求

单线程的并发

import socket
import select



client1 = socket.socket()
client1.setblocking(False) # 百度创建连接: 非阻塞

try:
    client1.connect(('www.baidu.com',80))
except BlockingIOError as e:
    pass


client2 = socket.socket()
client2.setblocking(False) # 百度创建连接: 非阻塞
try:
    client2.connect(('www.sogou.com',80))
except BlockingIOError as e:
    pass


client3 = socket.socket()
client3.setblocking(False) # 百度创建连接: 非阻塞
try:
    client3.connect(('www.oldboyedu.com',80))
except BlockingIOError as e:
    pass

socket_list = [client1,client2,client3]
conn_list = [client1,client2,client3]

while True:
    rlist,wlist,elist = select.select(socket_list,conn_list,[],0.005)
    # wlist中表示已经连接成功的socket对象
    for sk in wlist:
        if sk == client1:
            sk.sendall(b'GET /s?wd=alex HTTP/1.0\r\nhost:www.baidu.com\r\n\r\n')
        elif sk==client2:
            sk.sendall(b'GET /web?query=fdf HTTP/1.0\r\nhost:www.sogou.com\r\n\r\n')
        else:
            sk.sendall(b'GET /s?wd=alex HTTP/1.0\r\nhost:www.oldboyedu.com\r\n\r\n')
        conn_list.remove(sk)
    for sk in rlist:
        chunk_list = []
        while True:
            try:
                chunk = sk.recv(8096)
                if not chunk:
                    break
                chunk_list.append(chunk)
            except BlockingIOError as e:
                break
        body = b''.join(chunk_list)
        # print(body.decode('utf-8'))
        print('------------>',body)
        sk.close()
        socket_list.remove(sk)
    if not socket_list:
        break

单线程的并发高级

基于事件循环实现的异步非阻塞框架:lzl

Python中有开源 基于事件循环实现的异步非阻塞框架 Twisted 

非阻塞:让过程不再等待,但是会报BLockIOError的错误,只要捕获就可以

异步：执行完某个任务后自动调用我给他的函数,也就是回调函数

import socket
import select

class Req(object):
    def __init__(self,sk,func):
        self.sock = sk
        self.func = func

    def fileno(self):
        return self.sock.fileno()


class Nb(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.conn_list = []
        self.socket_list = []

    def add(self,url,func):
        client = socket.socket()
        client.setblocking(False)  # 非阻塞
        try:
            client.connect((url, 80))
        except BlockingIOError as e:
            pass
        obj = Req(client,func)
        self.conn_list.append(obj)
        self.socket_list.append(obj)

    def run(self):

        while True:
            rlist,wlist,elist = select.select(self.socket_list,self.conn_list,[],0.005)
            # wlist中表示已经连接成功的req对象
            for sk in wlist:
                # 发生变换的req对象
                sk.sock.sendall(b'GET /s?wd=alex HTTP/1.0\r\nhost:www.baidu.com\r\n\r\n')
                self.conn_list.remove(sk)
            for sk in rlist:
                chunk_list = []
                while True:
                    try:
                        chunk = sk.sock.recv(8096)
                        if not chunk:
                            break
                        chunk_list.append(chunk)
                    except BlockingIOError as e:
                        break
                body = b''.join(chunk_list)
                # print(body.decode('utf-8'))
                sk.func(body)
                sk.sock.close()
                self.socket_list.remove(sk)
            if not self.socket_list:
                break


def baidu_repsonse(body):
    print('百度下载结果：',body)

def sogou_repsonse(body):
    print('搜狗下载结果：', body)

def oldboyedu_repsonse(body):
    print('老男孩下载结果：', body)


t1 = Nb()
t1.add('www.baidu.com',baidu_repsonse)
t1.add('www.sogou.com',sogou_repsonse)
t1.add('www.oldboyedu.com',oldboyedu_repsonse)
t1.run()

具体使用方法

from lzl import Nb

def baidu_repsonse(body):
    print('百度下载结果：',body)

def sogou_repsonse(body):
    print('搜狗下载结果：', body)

def oldboyedu_repsonse(body):
    print('老男孩下载结果：', body)


t1 = Nb()
t1.add('www.baidu.com',baidu_repsonse)
t1.add('www.sogou.com',sogou_repsonse)
t1.add('www.oldboyedu.com',oldboyedu_repsonse)
t1.run()　

协程

本身是不存在的,是由开发人员创造出来的一个不是真实存在的东西

微线程,对一个线程/进程进行分片,使得线程在代码块之间进行来回切换执行,而不是原来那样逐行执行

单纯的协程是没有什么实际用处的

扫描二维码关注公众号，回复： 3173496 查看本文章

import  greenlet

def f1():
    print(11)
    gr2.switch()
    print(22)
    gr2.switch()

def f2():
    print(33)
    gr1.switch()
    print(44)

# 协程 gr1
gr1 = greenlet.greenlet(f1)
# 协程 gr2
gr2 = greenlet.greenlet(f2)

# 输出结果:
11
33
22
44

# 单纯的协程编写起来还不如我直接写函数调用来的方便呢,所以单纯的协程是无用的

def f1():
    print(11)
    print(33)

def f2():
    print(22)
    print(44)

f1()
f2()

# 输出结果是一样的:
11
33
22
44　　

协程 + IO切换,那它才真正的厉害起来

from gevent import monkey
monkey.patch_all()

import requests
import gevent

def get_path(url):
    ret = requests.get(url)
    print(url, ret.content)

def get_path2(url):
    ret2 = requests.get(url)
    print("-----------",url,ret2.content)

def get_path3(url):
    ret3 = requests.get(url)
    print(url,ret3.content)

ret = gevent.joinall([
    gevent.spawn(get_path,'https://www.zhihu.com'),
    gevent.spawn(get_path2,"https://www.douban.com"),
    gevent.spawn(get_path3,"https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=0&rsv_idx=1&tn=baidu&wd=zkx"),
])