python+selenium用法详解

selenium+python的安装详见博客：https://blog.csdn.net/nikita1995/article/details/82499549

基本框架
控制chrome浏览器，访问百度，并搜索关键词Python，获取搜索结果

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import time
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    browser.get("https://www.baidu.com")
    input=browser.find_element_by_id("kw")
    input.send_keys("Python")
    input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,"content_left")))
    print(browser.current_url)
    print(browser.get_cookies())
    print(browser.page_source)
    time.sleep(10)
finally:
    browser.close()

1：声明浏览器对象

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
#声明谷歌、Firefox、Safari等浏览器
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser=webdriver.Firefox()
browser=webdriver.Safari()
browser=webdriver.Edge()
browser=webdriver.PhantomJS()

2.访问页面

#_*_coding: utf-8_*_

from selenium import webdriver
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("http://www.taobao.com")
print(browser.page_source)
browser.close()

3：查找单个元素

#_*_coding: utf-8_*_

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("http://www.taobao.com")
input_first=browser.find_element_by_id("q")
input_second=browser.find_element_by_css_selector("#q")
input_third=browser.find_element(By.ID,"q")
print(input_first,input_second,input_first)
browser.close()

4：查找多个元素

#_*_coding: utf-8_*_

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("http://www.taobao.com")
lis=browser.find_element_by_css_selector("li")
lis_c=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,"li")
print(lis,lis_c)
browser.close()

5：元素的交互操作
对获取到的元素调用交互方法

#_*_coding: utf-8_*_
from selenium import webdriver
import time
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.taobao.com")
input=browser.find_element_by_id("q")
input.send_keys("iPhone")
time.sleep(10)
input.clear()
input.send_keys("iPad")
button=browser.find_element_by_class_name("btn-search")
button.click()
time.sleep(10)
browser.close()

6：交互动作
把动作附加到交互链中

#_*_coding: utf-8_*_
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.alert import Alert
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
url="http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable"
browser.get(url)
#切换到目标元素所在的frame
browser.switch_to.frame("iframeResult")
#确定拖拽目标的起点
source=browser.find_element_by_id("draggable")
#确定拖拽目标的终点
target=browser.find_element_by_id("droppable")
#形成动作链
actions=ActionChains(browser)
actions.drag_and_drop(source,target)
#执行
actions.perform()
'''
1.先用switch_to_alert()方法切换到alert弹出框上
2.可以用text方法获取弹出的文本 信息
3.accept()点击确认按钮
4.dismiss()相当于点右上角x，取消弹出框
'''
t=browser.switch_to_alert()
print(t.text)
t.accept()
time.sleep(10)
browser.close()

7：执行javascript
下面的例子是执行就是，拖拽进度条到底，并弹出提示框

#_*_coding: utf-8_*_
from selenium import webdriver
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore")
browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)")
browser.execute_script("alert('To Button')")
browser.close()

8:获取元素信息
获取属性

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
url="https://www.zhihu.com/explore"
browser.get(url)
logo=browser.find_element_by_id("zh-top-link-logo")
print(logo)
print(logo.get_attribute("class"))
browser.close()

获取文本值

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
url="https://www.zhihu.com/explore"
browser.get(url)
logo=browser.find_element_by_id("zh-top-link-logo")
print(logo)
print(logo.text)
browser.close()

获取ID、位置、大小和标签名

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
url="https://www.zhihu.com/explore"
browser.get(url)
logo=browser.find_element_by_id("zh-top-link-logo")
print(logo)
#id
print(logo.id)
#位置
print(logo.location)
#标签名
print(logo.tag_name)
#大小
print(logo.size)
browser.close()

9：等待
隐式等待
当使用了隐式等待执行测试的时候，如果webdriver没有在DOM中找到元素，将继续等待，超过设定的时间后则抛出找不到元素的异常，换句话说，当查找元素或元素并没有立即出现的时候，隐式等待将等待一段时间再查找DOM，默认时间为0.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
url="https://www.zhihu.com/explore"
browser.get(url)
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
logo=browser.find_element_by_id("zh-top-link-logo")
print(logo)
browser.close()

显示等待

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
url="https://www.taobao.com"
browser.get(url)
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
input=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,"q")))
button=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".btn-search")))
print(input,button)
browser.close()

10：浏览器的前进和后退

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
import time

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.taobao.com")
browser.get("https://www.baidu.com")
browser.get("https://www.python.org")
browser.back()
time.sleep(1)
browser.forward()
browser.close()

11：cookies的处理

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
import time

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore")
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.add_cookie({"name":"name","domain":"www.zhihu.com","value":"germey"})
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.delete_all_cookies()
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.close()

12：选项卡管理

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
import time

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore")
browser.execute_script("window.open()")
print(browser.window_handles)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get("https://www.taobao.com")
time.sleep(1)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get("https://python.org")
browser.close()

13：异常处理

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException,NoSuchElementException

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    browser.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore")
except TimeoutException:
    print("Time out")
try:
    browser.find_element_by_id("hello")
except NoSuchElementException:
    print("No Element")
finally:
    browser.close()

python+selenium用法详解

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