MySQL之存储过程创建和调用

一、MySQL存储过程_创建-调用

1.1存储过程:SQL中的“脚本”
1.创建存储过程
2.调用存储过程
3.存储过程体
4.语句标签块
    

二、MySQL存储过程简单介绍:

存储过程(Stored Procedure):
提示:#SQL语句:先编译后执行
  一组可编程的函数,是为了完成特定功能的SQL语句集,经编译创建并保存在数据库中,用户可通过指定存储过程的名字并给定参数(需要时)来调用执行。

优点(为什么要用存储过程?):
  ①将重复性很高的一些操作,封装到一个存储过程中,简化了对这些SQL的调用
  ②批量处理:SQL+循环,减少流量,也就是“跑批”
  ③统一接口,确保数据的安全
相对于oracle数据库来说,MySQL的存储过程相对功能较弱,使用较少。

三、存储过程的创建和调用

说明:存储过程就是具有名字的一段代码,用来完成一个特定的功能。创建的存储过程保存在数据库的数据字典中。

3.1创建存储过程

语法介绍:

CREATE
    [DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]
 PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]])
    [characteristic ...] routine_body

proc_parameter:
    [ IN | OUT | INOUT ] param_name type

characteristic:
    COMMENT 'string'
  | LANGUAGE SQL
  | [NOT] DETERMINISTIC
  | { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }
  | SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }

routine_body:
  Valid SQL routine statement

[begin_label:] BEGIN
  [statement_list]
    ……
END [end_label]

实例1演示:
创建测试表:

CREATE TABLE `test1_event` (
`id` int(8) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 
`username` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, 
`create_time` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, 
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) #主键ID
) ENGINE=innodb AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

插入数据:

mysql>  INSERT INTO test1_event(username,password,create_time) values('tomcat', 'xiaohuahua',now());
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>  INSERT INTO test1_event(username,password,create_time) values('tomcat', 'xiaohuahua',now());
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>  select * from test1_event;
+----+----------+------------+---------------------+
| id | username | password   | create_time         |
+----+----------+------------+---------------------+
|  1 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:18:01 |
|  2 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:18:39 |
|  3 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:18:45 |
+----+----------+------------+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#创建新表备份旧表的数据来用于示例操作:

mysql> create table test_event as select * from test.test1_event;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql>  select * from test_event;
+----+----------+------------+---------------------+
| id | username | password   | create_time         |
+----+----------+------------+---------------------+
|  1 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:18:01 |
|  2 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:18:39 |
|  3 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:18:45 |
+----+----------+------------+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

示例二:创建一个存储过程(给数据表中添加用户和密码并附加创建的时间)

DELIMITER //   ### 将语句的结束符号从分号;临时改为两个//(可以是自定义)
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS p_test1//
CREATE PROCEDURE p_test1() 
BEGIN
INSERT INTO test_event(username,password,create_time) values('tomcat', 'xiaohuahua',now());
END//
delimiter ; ####将语句的结束符号恢复为分号

查看创建的存储过程详细信息:

mysql> show procedure status;
+------+---------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Db   | Name    | Type      | Definer        | Modified            | Created             | Security_type | Comment | character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+------+---------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| test | p_test1 | PROCEDURE | root@localhost | 2018-09-12 17:44:40 | 2018-09-12 17:44:40 | DEFINER       |         | utf8                 | utf8_general_ci      | utf8_general_ci    |
| test | p_test2 | PROCEDURE | root@localhost | 2018-09-07 18:25:54 | 2018-09-07 18:25:54 | DEFINER       |         | utf8                 | utf8_general_ci      | utf8_general_ci    |
+------+---------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删掉创建的存储过程:

mysql> drop procedure p_test2 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show procedure status;
+------+---------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Db   | Name    | Type      | Definer        | Modified            | Created             | Security_type | Comment | character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+------+---------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| test | p_test1 | PROCEDURE | root@localhost | 2018-09-12 17:44:40 | 2018-09-12 17:44:40 | DEFINER       |         | utf8                 | utf8_general_ci      | utf8_general_ci    |
+------+---------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看存储过程的创建代码

mysql> show create procedure p_test1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           Procedure: p_test1
            sql_mode: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
    Create Procedure: CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p_test1`()
BEGIN
INSERT INTO test_event(username,password,create_time) values('tomcat', 'xiaohuahua',now());
END
character_set_client: utf8
collation_connection: utf8_general_ci
  Database Collation: utf8_general_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

解释:
默认情况下,存储过程和默认的数据库相关联,如果先想指定存储过程创建在某个特定的数据库下,那么在过程前面加数据库名做前缀;
在定义过程时,使用DELIMITER // 命令将语句的结束符号从分号 ; 临时改为两个//,使得过程体中使用的分号被直接传递到服务器,而不会被客户端(如mysql)解释。

3.2调用存储过程:call sp_name[(传参)];


实例三:创建一个MySQL定时器调用实例二创建的MySQL存储过程p_test1

提示mysql定时器的创建可以参考此博文:

从2018-09-12 17点47分开始每60秒执行一次
DELIMITER //  
CREATE EVENT e_test1
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 60 second STARTS TIMESTAMP '2018-09-12 17:47:00'
ON COMPLETION PRESERVE
DO
BEGIN
CALL p_test1();
END//
delimiter ; 
mysql> select * from test_event;
+----+----------+------------+---------------------+
| id | username | password   | create_time         |
+----+----------+------------+---------------------+
|  1 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:18:01 |
|  2 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:18:39 |
|  3 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:18:45 |
|  0 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:47:00 |
|  0 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:48:00 |
|  0 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:49:00 |
|  0 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:50:00 |
|  0 | tomcat   | xiaohuahua | 2018-09-12 17:51:00 |
+----+----------+------------+---------------------+
21 rows in set (0.00 sec)

说明:
在创建的存储过程中设置了需要传参的变量时,调用存储过程的时候,通过传参将数值赋值给存储工程中设置的变量,然后进行存储过程里的SQL操作。

3.3存储过程体

存储过程体包含了在过程调用时必须执行的语句,例如:dml、ddl语句,if-then-else和while-do语句、声明变量的declare语句等
过程体格式:以begin开始,以end结束(可嵌套)

复制代码

BEGIN
  BEGIN
    BEGIN
      statements; 
    END
  END
END

复制代码
注意:每个嵌套块及其中的每条语句,必须以分号结束,表示过程体结束的begin-end块(又叫做复合语句compound statement),则不需要分号。

4、为语句块贴标签

[begin_label:] BEGIN
  [statement_list]
END [end_label]
例如:

复制代码
label1: BEGIN
  label2: BEGIN
    label3: BEGIN
      statements; 
    END label3 ;
  END label2;
END label1
复制代码
标签有两个作用:
  ①增强代码的可读性
  ②在某些语句(例如:leave和iterate语句),需要用到标签

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转载自blog.51cto.com/wujianwei/2174878