sql经典练习题n.0版

原文章：https://blog.csdn.net/qaz13177_58_/article/details/5575711/

因为时间过去了八年，所以当时的一些语法在现在的sql数据库中已经不适用了，在原文章的基础上做了一些改进。

第一步：在数据库中创建四个表并插入数据

CREATE TABLE STUDENT
(SNO VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL,
SNAME VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL,
SSEX VARCHAR(2) NOT NULL,
SBIRTHDAY DATETIME,
CLASS VARCHAR(5))

CREATE TABLE COURSE
(CNO VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,
CNAME VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
TNO VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL)

CREATE TABLE SCORE
(SNO VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL,
CNO VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,
DEGREE NUMERIC(10, 1) NOT NULL)

 CREATE TABLE TEACHER
(TNO VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL,
TNAME VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL, TSEX VARCHAR(2) NOT NULL,
TBIRTHDAY DATETIME NOT NULL, PROF VARCHAR(6),
DEPART VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL)

INSERT INTO STUDENT (SNO,SNAME,SSEX,SBIRTHDAY,CLASS) VALUES (108 ,'曾华'
,'男' ,'1977-09-01',95033);
INSERT INTO STUDENT (SNO,SNAME,SSEX,SBIRTHDAY,CLASS) VALUES (105 ,'匡明'
,'男' ,'1975-10-02',95031);
INSERT INTO STUDENT (SNO,SNAME,SSEX,SBIRTHDAY,CLASS) VALUES (107 ,'王丽'
,'女' ,'1976-01-23',95033);
INSERT INTO STUDENT (SNO,SNAME,SSEX,SBIRTHDAY,CLASS) VALUES (101 ,'李军'
,'男' ,'1976-02-20',95033);
INSERT INTO STUDENT (SNO,SNAME,SSEX,SBIRTHDAY,CLASS) VALUES (109 ,'王芳'
,'女' ,'1975-02-10',95031);
INSERT INTO STUDENT (SNO,SNAME,SSEX,SBIRTHDAY,CLASS) VALUES (103 ,'陆君'
,'男' ,'1974-06-03',95031);
INSERT INTO COURSE(CNO,CNAME,TNO)VALUES ('3-105' ,'计算机导论',825)
INSERT INTO COURSE(CNO,CNAME,TNO)VALUES ('3-245' ,'操作系统' ,804);
INSERT INTO COURSE(CNO,CNAME,TNO)VALUES ('6-166' ,'数据电路' ,856);
INSERT INTO COURSE(CNO,CNAME,TNO)VALUES ('9-888' ,'高等数学' ,100);

INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (103,'3-245',86);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (105,'3-245',75);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (109,'3-245',68);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (103,'3-105',92);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (105,'3-105',88);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (109,'3-105',76);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (101,'3-105',64);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (107,'3-105',91);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (108,'3-105',78);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (101,'6-166',85);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (107,'6-106',79);
INSERT INTO SCORE(SNO,CNO,DEGREE)VALUES (108,'6-166',81);

INSERT INTO TEACHER(TNO,TNAME,TSEX,TBIRTHDAY,PROF,DEPART)
VALUES (804,'李诚','男','1958-12-02','副教授','计算机系');
INSERT INTO TEACHER(TNO,TNAME,TSEX,TBIRTHDAY,PROF,DEPART)
VALUES (856,'张旭','男','1969-03-12','讲师','电子工程系');
INSERT INTO TEACHER(TNO,TNAME,TSEX,TBIRTHDAY,PROF,DEPART)
VALUES (825,'王萍','女','1972-05-05','助教','计算机系');
INSERT INTO TEACHER(TNO,TNAME,TSEX,TBIRTHDAY,PROF,DEPART)
VALUES (831,'刘冰','女','1977-08-14','助教','电子工程系');

第二步：题目及答案（答案仅供参考）

1、查询Student表中的所有记录的Sname、Ssex和Class列。

select Sname,Ssex,Class from student

2、查询教师所有的单位即不重复的Depart列。

select distinct depart from TEACHER

3、查询Student表的所有记录。

select * from STUDENT

4、查询Score表中成绩在60到80之间的所有记录。（写了两种解法）

select * from SCORE where DEGREE between 60 and 80
select * from SCORE where DEGREE>60 and DEGREE<80

5、查询Score表中成绩为85，86或88的记录。

select * from SCORE where DEGREE=85 or DEGREE=86 or DEGREE=88

6、查询Student表中“95031”班或性别为“女”的同学记录。

select * from STUDENT where CLASS='95031' or SSEX='女'

7、以Class降序查询Student表的所有记录。

select * from STUDENT order by CLASS desc

8、以Cno升序、Degree降序查询Score表的所有记录。

select * from SCORE order by CNO asc,DEGREE desc

9、查询“95031”班的学生人数。

select COUNT(*) from STUDENT where CLASS='95031'

10、查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。

select top 1 SNO,CNO from score order by DEGREE desc

11、查询‘3-105’号课程的平均分。

select AVG(degree) from SCORE where CNO='3-105'

12、查询Score表中至少有5名学生选修的并以3开头的课程的平均分数。

select AVG(degree),CNO from SCORE where CNO like '3%' group by CNO having COUNT(SNO)>=5

13、查询最低分大于70，最高分小于90的Sno列。

select sno from SCORE group by SNO having MIN(degree)>70 and MAX(DEGREE)<90

14、查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。

select sname,cno,DEGREE from SCORE left join STUDENT on score.SNO=STUDENT.SNO
select sname,cno,DEGREE from SCORE right join STUDENT on score.SNO=STUDENT.SNO

15、查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree列。

select sno,cname,DEGREE from SCORE right join COURSE on score.CNO=COURSE.CNO

16、查询所有学生的Sname、Cname和Degree列。

select sname,cname,DEGREE from STUDENT join SCORE on student.SNO=SCORE.SNO join COURSE on SCORE.CNO=COURSE.CNO

select a.sname,c.cname,b.DEGREE from STUDENT a join (SCORE b,course c) on a.sno=c.sno and b.cno=c.cno

17、查询“95033”班所选课程的平均分。

select avg(degree)from SCORE a join STUDENT b on a.sno=b.SNO where b.class='95033'

18、假设使用如下命令建立了一个grade表：

create table grade(low   number(3,0),upp   number(3),rank   char(1))
insert into grade values(90,100,’A’)
insert into grade values(80,89,’B’)
insert into grade values(70,79,’C’)
insert into grade values(60,69,’D’)
insert into grade values(0,59,’E’)
commit

现查询所有同学的Sno、Cno和rank列。

SELECT A.SNO,A.CNO,B.RANK FROM SCORE A,GRADE B WHERE A.DEGREE BETWEEN B.LOW AND B.UPP
ORDER BY RANK;

19、查询选修“3-105”课程的成绩高于“109”号同学成绩的所有同学的记录。

select * from score where degree>(select DEGREE from SCORE where SNO='109' and CNO='3-105') and CNO='3-105'

20、查询score中选学一门以上课程的同学中分数为非最高分成绩的记录。

select * from SCORE where DEGREE <(select MAX(DEGREE) from SCORE) group by SNO having COUNT(SNO)>1 order by DEGREE

21、查询成绩高于学号为“109”、课程号为“3-105”的成绩的所有记录。

select * from score where degree>(select degree from score where sno='109' and cno='3-105')

22、查询和学号为108的同学同年出生的所有学生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday列。

select Sno,Sname,Sbirthday from STUDENT where YEAR(SBIRTHDAY)=(select YEAR(SBIRTHDAY)from STUDENT where SNO='108')

23、查询“张旭“教师任课的学生成绩。

select * from TEACHER A left join COURSE B on A.TNO=B.TNO left join SCORE C on B.CNO=C.CNO where TNAME='张旭'

24、查询选修某课程的同学人数多于5人的教师姓名。

select TNAME from TEACHER A join COURSE B on A.TNO=B.TNO join SCORE C on B.CNO=C.CNO group by C.CNO,TNAME having COUNT(C.CNO)>5

25、查询95033班和95031班全体学生的记录。

select * from STUDENT where CLASS='95033' or class='95031'

26、查询存在有85分以上成绩的课程Cno.

select distinct Cno from SCORE where DEGREE>=85

27、查询出“计算机系“教师所教课程的成绩表。

select DEGREE from SCORE A left join COURSE B on A.CNO=B.CNO join TEACHER C on B.TNO=C.TNO where C.DEPART='计算机系'

28、查询“计算机系”与“电子工程系“不同职称的教师的Tname和Prof。

select TNAME,PROF from TEACHER where DEPART='计算机系' or DEPART='电子工程系'

29、查询选修编号为“3-105“课程且成绩至少高于选修编号为“3-245”的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree,并按Degree从高到低次序排序。

SELECT * FROM SCORE WHERE DEGREE>ANY(SELECT DEGREE FROM SCORE WHERE CNO='3-245') and CNO='3-105' ORDER BY DEGREE DESC

30、查询选修编号为“3-105”且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree.

select * from SCORE where DEGREE>ALL(SELECT DEGREE FROM SCORE WHERE CNO='3-245') and CNO='3-105' ORDER BY DEGREE DESC

总结：any表示有任何一个满足就返回true，all表示全部都满足才返回true

31、查询所有教师和同学的name、sex和birthday.

select SNAME as name,SSEX as sex,SBIRTHDAY as birthday from STUDENT  union select TNAME as name,TSEX as sex,TBIRTHDAY as birthday from TEACHER

32、查询所有“女”教师和“女”同学的name、sex和birthday.

 select SNAME as name,SSEX as sex,SBIRTHDAY as birthday from STUDENT where SSEX='女' union select TNAME as name,TSEX as sex,TBIRTHDAY as birthday from TEACHER where TSEX='女'

总结:UNION 操作符用于合并两个或多个 SELECT 语句的结果集。

33、查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表。

SELECT A.* FROM SCORE A WHERE DEGREE<(SELECT AVG(DEGREE) FROM SCORE B WHERE A.CNO=B.CNO)

34、查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart.

select tname,depart from TEACHER A left join COURSE B on a.TNO=B.TNO

35 查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart.

select tname,depart from TEACHER A where not exists (select * from COURSE B where a.TNO=B.TNO)

36、查询至少有2名男生的班号。

select class from STUDENT where SSEX='男' group by CLASS having COUNT(SSEX)>1

37、查询Student表中不姓“王”的同学记录。

select * from STUDENT where SNAME not like '王%'

38、查询Student表中每个学生的姓名和年龄。

select sname,(DATEPART(YEAR,GETDATE())-YEAR(SBIRTHDAY)) as age from STUDENT

select DATEdiff(YEAR,SBIRTHDAY,GETDATE()) as age from STUDENT

39、查询Student表中最大和最小的Sbirthday日期值。

select sname,sbirthday as THEMAX from student where 
sbirthday =(select min(SBIRTHDAY) from student) union
select sname,sbirthday as THEMIN from student 
where sbirthday =(select max(SBIRTHDAY) from student)

40、以班号和年龄从大到小的顺序查询Student表中的全部记录。

select *,(DATEPART(YEAR,GETDATE())-YEAR(SBIRTHDAY)) as age from STUDENT  order by CLASS,age desc
SELECT CLASS,(datepart()-YEAR(SBIRTHDAY)) AS AGE FROM STUDENT ORDER BY CLASS DESC,AGE DESC

41、查询“男”教师及其所上的课程。

SELECT A.TNAME,B.CNAME FROM TEACHER A JOIN COURSE B  on a.TNO=B.TNO where A.TSEX='男'

42、查询最高分同学的Sno、Cno和Degree列。

select top 1 * from SCORE order by DEGREE  desc

43、查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname.

SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT A WHERE SSEX=(SELECT SSEX FROM STUDENT B WHERE B.SNAME='李军')

select sname from STUDENT where SSEX=(select SSEX from STUDENT where SNAME='李军')

44、查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname.

select sname from STUDENT where SSEX=(select SSEX from STUDENT where SNAME='李军') and CLASS=(select CLASS from STUDENT where SNAME='李军')

45、查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表

select B.* from STUDENT A join SCORE B on A.SNO=B.SNO join COURSE C on B.CNO=C.CNO where A.SSEX='男' and C.CNAME='计算机导论'