用Python实现数据的透视表

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在处理数据时,经常需要对数据分组计算均值或者计数,在Microsoft Excel中,可以通过透视表轻易实现简单的分组运算。而对于更加复杂的分组运算,Python中pandas包可以帮助我们实现。

1 数据

首先引入几个重要的包:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from pandas import DataFrame,Series

通过代码构造数据集:

data=DataFrame({'key1':['a','b','c','a','c','a','b','a','c','a','b','c'],'key2':['one','two','three','two','one','one','three','one','two','three','one','two'],'num1':np.random.rand(12),'num2':np.random.randn(12)})

得到数据集如下:

data
  key1   key2      num1      num2
0    a    one  0.268705  0.084091
1    b    two  0.876707  0.217794
2    c  three  0.229999  0.574402
3    a    two  0.707990 -1.444415
4    c    one  0.786064  0.343244
5    a    one  0.587273  1.212391
6    b  three  0.927396  1.505372
7    a    one  0.295271 -0.497633
8    c    two  0.292721  0.098814
9    a  three  0.369788 -1.157426

2 交叉表—分类计数

按照不同类进行计数统计是最常见透视功能,可以通

(1)crosstab

#函数:
crosstab(index, columns, values=None, rownames=None, colnames=None, aggfunc=None, margins=False, dropna=True, normalize=False)

crosstab的index和columns是必须要指定复制的参数:

pd.crosstab(data.key1,data.key2)

结果如下:

key2  one  three  two
key1                 
a       3      1    1
b       0      1    1
c       1      1    1

想要在边框处增加汇总项可以指定margin的值为True:

pd.crosstab(data.key1,data.key2,margins=True)

结果:

key2  one  three  two  All
key1                      
a       3      1    1    5
b       1      1    1    3
c       1      1    2    4
All     5      3    4   12

(2)pivot_table

函数:
pivot_table(data, values=None, index=None, columns=None, aggfunc='mean', fill_value=None, margins=False, dropna=True, margins_name='All')

使用pivot_table函数同样可以实现,运算函数默认值aggfunc=’mean’,指定为aggfunc=’count’即可:

data.pivot_table('num1',index='key1',columns='key2',aggfunc='count')

结果相同:

key2  one  three  two
key1                 
a       3      1    1
b       1      1    1
c       1      1    2

(3)groupby

通过groupby相对来说会更加复杂,首先需要对data按照key1和key2进行聚类,然后进行count运算,再将key2的index重塑为columns:

data.groupby(['key1','key2'])['num1'].count().unstack()

结果:

key2  one  three  two
key1                 
a       3      1    1
b       1      1    1
c       1      1    2

3 其它透视表运算

(1)pivot_table

pivot_table(data, values=None, index=None, columns=None, aggfunc='mean', fill_value=None, margins=False, dropna=True, margins_name='All')

要进行何种运算,只需要指定aggfunc即可。
默认计算均值:

data.pivot_table(index='key1',columns='key2')

out:

          num1                          num2                    
key2       one     three       two       one     three       two
key1                                                            
a     0.193332  0.705657  0.203155 -0.165749  2.398164 -1.293595
b     0.167947  0.204545  0.661460  0.555850 -0.522528  0.143530
c     0.496993  0.033673  0.206028 -0.115093  0.024650  0.077726

分类汇总呢并求和:

data.pivot_table(index='key1',columns='key2',aggfunc='sum')

结果:

          num1                          num2                    
key2       one     three       two       one     three       two
key1                                                            
a     0.579996  0.705657  0.203155 -0.497246  2.398164 -1.293595
b     0.167947  0.204545  0.661460  0.555850 -0.522528  0.143530
c     0.496993  0.033673  0.412055 -0.115093  0.024650  0.155452

也可以使用其它自定义函数:

#定义一个最大值减最小值的函数
def max_min (group):
    return group.max()-group.min()
 data.pivot_table(index='key1',columns='key2',aggfunc=max_min)

结果:

          num1                   num2                
key2       one three    two       one three       two
key1                                                 
a     0.179266   0.0  0.000  3.109405   0.0  0.000000
b     0.000000   0.0  0.000  0.000000   0.0  0.000000
c     0.000000   0.0  0.177  0.000000   0.0  1.609466

(2)通过groupby

普通的函数如mean,sum可以直接应用:

data.groupby(['key1','key2']).mean().unstack()

返回结果:

          num1                          num2                    
key2       one     three       two       one     three       two
key1                                                            
a     0.193332  0.705657  0.203155 -0.165749  2.398164 -1.293595
b     0.167947  0.204545  0.661460  0.555850 -0.522528  0.143530
c     0.496993  0.033673  0.206028 -0.115093  0.024650  0.077726

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转载自blog.csdn.net/moxigandashu/article/details/69486269