web.xml（二）——web.xml常用配置元素详细说明

1. Web 应用名称和应用描述：

   <display-name>Tomcat Example</display-name>
   <disciption>Tomcat Example servlets and JSP pages.</disciption>

2. 上下文参数：声明应用范围内的初始化参数：  

1 <context-param>
2      <param-name>参数名</para-name>
3      <param-value>参数值</param-value>
4      <description>参数描述</description>
5  </context-param>

 在servlet里面可以通过 getServletContext().getInitParameter(“context/param”)得到

3. 过滤器配置

 1 <filter>
 2      <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
 3      <filter-class>com.myTest.setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
 4      <init-param>
 5          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
 6          <param-value>GB2312</param-value>
 7      </init-param>
 8  </filter>
 9  <filter-mapping>
10      <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
11      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
12  </filter-mapping>

4. 监听器配置

1 <listener>
2      <listerner-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
3  </listener>

5. Servlet配置

 1 <servlet>
 2    <servlet-name>servlet名称</servlet-name>
 3    <servlet-class>servlet类全路径</servlet-class>
 4    <init-param>
 5        <param-name>参数名</param-name>
 6        <param-value>参数值</param-value>
 7    </init-param>
 8    <run-as>
 9        <description>Security role for anonymous access</description>
10        <role-name>tomcat</role-name>
11    </run-as>
12 　 <load-on-startup>指定当Web应用启动时，装载Servlet的次序</load-on-startup>
13 </servlet>
14 <servlet-mapping>
15   <servlet-name>servlet名称</servlet-name>
16   <url-pattern>映射路径</url-pattern>
17 </servlet-mapping>

6. 会话超时配置

1 <session-config>
2      <session-timeout>120</session-timeout>
3  </session-config>

7. 指定欢迎文件页

1  <welcome-file-list>
2      <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
3      <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
4      <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
5  </welcome-file-list>

8. .配置错误页面

　　(1).通过错误码来配置error-page

1 <!--配置了当系统发生404错误时，跳转到错误处理页面NotFound.jsp-->
2 <error-page>
3       <error-code>404</error-code>
4       <location>/NotFound.jsp</location>
5  </error-page>

　　(2).通过异常的类型配置error-page

1 <!--配置了当系统发生java.lang.NullException（即空指针异常）时，跳转到错误处理页面error.jsp-->
2 <error-page>
3       <exception-type>java.lang.NullException</exception-type>
4       <location>/error.jsp</location>
5 </error-page>