开始想装搜狗输入法的时候没想到这么麻烦，比windows麻烦太多，不过ubuntu友好的操作界面，逼格，更适合编程等特点，让我流连忘返。
这是我转载的一篇亲测好使，比网上找到的其他的方法好使。
网址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zlslch/p/6943318.html
不多说，直接上干货！
其实啊，很简单
分三步走
1、添加fcitx的键盘输入法系统，因为sogou是基于fcitx的，而系统默认的是iBus；
2、安装sogou输入法；
3、设置系统参数及一些注意点。
zhouls@zhouls-virtual-machine:~$ sudo -s
[sudo] password for zhouls:
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS \n \l
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
第一步、添加fcitx键盘输入法系统
①先添加以下源
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly
Experimental releases of Fcitx, use with caution.
More info: https://launchpad.net/~fcitx-team/+archive/ubuntu/nightly
Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it
gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmps7a9gr5b/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmps7a9gr5b/pubring.gpg' created
gpg: requesting key 7E5FA1EE from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: /tmp/tmps7a9gr5b/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key 7E5FA1EE: public key "Launchpad PPA for Fcitx Team PPA" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)
OK
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
②添加源之后需要更新一下系统
sudo apt-get update
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get update
Ign:1 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.4 InRelease
Hit:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease
Hit:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease
Hit:5 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.4 Release
Hit:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease
Ign:8 http://ppa.launchpad.net/fcitx-team/nightly/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Ign:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/fcitx-team/nightly/ubuntu xenial Release
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404 Not Found
Ign:16 http://202.193.64.38/ppa.launchpad.net/fcitx-team/nightly/ubuntu xenial/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons
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Ign:12 http://202.193.64.38/ppa.launchpad.net/fcitx-team/nightly/ubuntu xenial/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://202.193.64.38/ppa.launchpad.net/fcitx-team/nightly/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en
Ign:13 http://202.193.64.38/ppa.launchpad.net/fcitx-team/nightly/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en_US
Reading package lists... Done
W: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/fcitx-team/nightly/ubuntu xenial Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/fcitx-team/nightly/ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
E: Failed to fetch http://101.110.118.20/ppa.launchpad.net/fcitx-team/nightly/ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/dep11/Components-amd64.yml.gz?mqcreq=1 404 Not Found
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
③开始安装fcitx
sudo apt-get install fcitx 
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get install fcitx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
fcitx-bin fcitx-config-common fcitx-config-gtk fcitx-data fcitx-frontend-all
fcitx-frontend-gtk2 fcitx-frontend-gtk3 fcitx-frontend-qt4
fcitx-frontend-qt5 fcitx-module-dbus fcitx-module-kimpanel fcitx-module-lua
fcitx-module-x11 fcitx-modules fcitx-ui-classic libfcitx-core0 libfcitx-qt0
libfcitx-qt5-1 libpresage-data libpresage1v5 libtinyxml2.6.2v5 presage
Suggested packages:
fcitx-m17n fcitx-tools kdebase-bin plasma-widgets-kimpanel
The following NEW packages will be installed:
fcitx fcitx-bin fcitx-config-common fcitx-config-gtk fcitx-data
fcitx-frontend-all fcitx-frontend-gtk2 fcitx-frontend-gtk3
fcitx-frontend-qt4 fcitx-frontend-qt5 fcitx-module-dbus
fcitx-module-kimpanel fcitx-module-lua fcitx-module-x11 fcitx-modules
fcitx-ui-classic libfcitx-core0 libfcitx-qt0 libfcitx-qt5-1 libpresage-data
libpresage1v5 libtinyxml2.6.2v5 presage
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Setting up fcitx (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/fcitx to provide /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/ja_JP (xinput-ja_JP) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/fcitx to provide /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/ko_KR (xinput-ko_KR) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/fcitx to provide /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/zh_CN (xinput-zh_CN) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/fcitx to provide /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/zh_TW (xinput-zh_TW) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/fcitx to provide /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/zh_HK (xinput-zh_HK) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/fcitx to provide /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/zh_SG (xinput-zh_SG) in auto mode
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root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
④接着安装fcitx的配置工具
sudo apt-get install fcitx-config-gtk
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get install fcitx-config-gtk
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
fcitx-config-gtk is already the newest version (0.4.8-3).
fcitx-config-gtk set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 236 not upgraded.
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
⑤然后安装fcitx的table-all软件包
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-all
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-all
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
fcitx-pinyin fcitx-table fcitx-table-bingchan fcitx-table-cangjie
fcitx-table-dianbaoma fcitx-table-erbi fcitx-table-wanfeng fcitx-table-wbpy
fcitx-table-wubi fcitx-table-ziranma
The following NEW packages will be installed:
fcitx-pinyin fcitx-table fcitx-table-all fcitx-table-bingchan
fcitx-table-cangjie fcitx-table-dianbaoma fcitx-table-erbi
fcitx-table-wanfeng fcitx-table-wbpy fcitx-table-wubi fcitx-table-ziranma
0 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 236 not upgraded.
Need to get 5,575 kB of archives.
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 fcitx-pinyin amd64 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [2,060 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 fcitx-table amd64 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [44.6 kB]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-table-all all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [4,986 B]
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-table-bingchan all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [109 kB]
Get:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-table-cangjie all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [27.1 kB]
Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-table-dianbaoma all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [17.2 kB]
Get:7 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-table-erbi all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [365 kB]
Get:8 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-table-wanfeng all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [501 kB]
Get:9 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-table-wbpy all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [1,643 kB]
Get:10 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-table-wubi all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [497 kB]
Get:11 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-table-ziranma all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [306 kB]
Fetched 5,575 kB in 5s (976 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package fcitx-pinyin.
(Reading database ... 209504 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../fcitx-pinyin_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking fcitx-pinyin (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fcitx-table.
Preparing to unpack .../fcitx-table_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking fcitx-table (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fcitx-table-all.
Preparing to unpack .../fcitx-table-all_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking fcitx-table-all (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fcitx-table-bingchan.
Preparing to unpack .../fcitx-table-bingchan_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking fcitx-table-bingchan (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fcitx-table-cangjie.
Preparing to unpack .../fcitx-table-cangjie_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking fcitx-table-cangjie (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../fcitx-table-dianbaoma_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_all.deb ...
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Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ...
Processing 2 added doc-base files...
Setting up fcitx-pinyin (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table-all (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table-bingchan (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table-cangjie (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table-dianbaoma (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table-erbi (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table-wanfeng (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table-wbpy (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table-wubi (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-table-ziranma (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
⑥安装im-switch切换工具
sudo apt-get install im-switch
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get install im-switch
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'im-config' instead of 'im-switch'
The following packages will be upgraded:
im-config
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 235 not upgraded.
Need to get 23.3 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,096 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 im-config all 0.29-1ubuntu12.4 [23.3 kB]
Fetched 23.3 kB in 0s (85.1 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 209582 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../im-config_0.29-1ubuntu12.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking im-config (0.29-1ubuntu12.4) over (0.29-1ubuntu12) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20160701-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up im-config (0.29-1ubuntu12.4) ...
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
⑦ 看看我们的fcitx是否安装完成
说明，安装成功！
其实fcitx只是一个输入法工具,本身不带资源包的,所以Ubuntu下安装搜狗输入法，需要我们自己来下载搜狗输入法的资源包 。
第二步、安装sogou输入法
①选择你操作系统的版本下载就可以了
②用dpkg命令来安装搜狗输入法资源包
sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_***_amd64.deb 
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads# pwd
/home/zhouls/Downloads
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads# ls
jdk-8u60-linux-x64.tar.gz sogoupinyin_2.1.0.0086_amd64.deb
mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4.tgz vmware-tools-distrib
neo4j-community-3.2.0-unix.tar.gz
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads# sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.1.0.0086_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package sogoupinyin.
(Reading database ... 209582 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack sogoupinyin_2.1.0.0086_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking sogoupinyin (2.1.0.0086) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of sogoupinyin:
sogoupinyin depends on libopencc2 | libopencc1; however:
Package libopencc2 is not installed.
Package libopencc1 is not installed.
sogoupinyin depends on fcitx-libs (>= 4.2.7); however:
Package fcitx-libs is not installed.
sogoupinyin depends on fcitx-libs-qt (>= 4.2.7); however:
Package fcitx-libs-qt is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package sogoupinyin (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.48.1-1~ubuntu16.04.1) ...
No such key 'Gtk/IMModule' in schema 'org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings' as specified in override file '/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override'; ignoring override for this key.
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20160701-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.5-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
sogoupinyin
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads#
第三步、设置语言选项
①到系统设置->语言支持，将键盘输入法系统由默认的iBus设置为fcitx
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
fcitx-libs fcitx-libs-qt libfcitx-config4 libfcitx-utils0 libopencc1
Recommended packages:
libfcitx-gclient0
The following NEW packages will be installed:
fcitx-libs fcitx-libs-qt libopencc1
The following packages will be upgraded:
libfcitx-config4 libfcitx-utils0
2 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 233 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 689 kB of archives.
After this operation, 9,114 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 libopencc1 amd64 0.4.3-2build1 [614 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libfcitx-utils0 amd64 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [33.8 kB]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libfcitx-config4 amd64 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [33.9 kB]
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-libs all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [3,818 B]
Get:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 fcitx-libs-qt all 1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 [3,792 B]
Fetched 689 kB in 4s (146 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libopencc1:amd64.
(Reading database ... 209876 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libopencc1_0.4.3-2build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libopencc1:amd64 (0.4.3-2build1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libfcitx-utils0_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libfcitx-utils0:amd64 (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) over (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libfcitx-config4_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libfcitx-config4:amd64 (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) over (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fcitx-libs.
Preparing to unpack .../fcitx-libs_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking fcitx-libs (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fcitx-libs-qt.
Preparing to unpack .../fcitx-libs-qt_1%3a4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking fcitx-libs-qt (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu7) ...
Setting up libopencc1:amd64 (0.4.3-2build1) ...
Setting up libfcitx-utils0:amd64 (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up libfcitx-config4:amd64 (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-libs (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up fcitx-libs-qt (1:4.2.9.1-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up sogoupinyin (2.1.0.0086) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu7) ...
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
然后，再次，进入语言支持设置界面
耐心等待，需要一段时间。
将键盘输入法系统由默认的iBus设置为fcitx
②这个时候是看不到效果的，一定要注销一次
③搜索出fcitx配置，将sogou输入法设为默认即可
由
变成
成功！