Dockerfile的编写：
# vim Dcokerfile
FROM rhel7:yum 指定基础镜像
MAINTAINER [email protected] 作者信息
ENV HOSTNAME server1 设置容器主机名
EXPOSE 80 暴露容器端口
RUN yum install -y httpd && yum clean all 镜像操作命令
CMD ["/usr/sbin/httpd", "-D", "FOREGROUND"] 镜像启动命令,默认只能启动一条。
# docker build -t rhel7:web . 创建镜像 rhel7:webDockerfile 常用指令:
1. 指定容器运行的用户
该用户将作为后续的 RUN 命令执行的用户。这个命令本实验不需要,但在一些需要指定用
户来运行的应用部署时非常关键,比如提供 hadoop 服务的容器通常会使用 hadoop 用户来启
动服务。
命令使用方式,例如使用 shiyanlou 用户来执行后续命令:
USER shiyanlou
2. 指定后续命令的执行目录
由于我们需要运行的是一个静态网站,将启动后的工作目录切换到/var/www/html 目录:WORKDIR /var/www/html
3. 对外连接端口号
由于内部服务会启动 Web 服务,我们需要把对应的 80 端口暴露出来,可以提供给容器间互
联使用,可以使用 EXPOSE 命令。
在镜像操作部分增加下面一句:
EXPOSE 80
4. 设置容器主机名
ENV 命令能够对容器内的环境变量进行设置:
ENV HOSTNAME sevrer1.example.com
5. 向镜像中增加文件
6. CMD 与 ENTRYPOINT。
7. 挂载数据卷
8. 设置容器内的环境变量
9. 使用 Supervisord编写DockFile实现安装httpd服务:
[root@foundation38 docker]# ls
Dockerfile web
[root@foundation38 docker]# touch yum.repo
[root@foundation38 docker]# vim yum.repo
[root@foundation38 docker]# cat yum.repo 编写yum源
[source7.3]
name=source7.3
baseurl=http://172.25.38.250/source7.3
gpgcheck=0
[root@foundation38 docker]# ls
Dockerfile web yum.repo
[root@foundation38 docker]# cat Dockerfile 编写Dockfile
FROM rhel7docker run -it --name vm1 rhel7 bash
ENV HOSTNAME server1
MAINTAINER 1757159864@qq.com
EXPOSE 80
COPY yum.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
RUN yum install -y httpd && yum clean all
VOLUME ["/var/www/html"]
CMD ["/usr/sbin/httpd", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker build -t rhel7:v1 .
创建容器进行环境的实践来保证Dockerfile可以正确执行：
[root@foundation38 netns]# docker run -it --name vm1 rhel7 bash 创建容器交互式运行rhel7的shell
bash-4.2# ls
bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
bash-4.2# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
bash-4.2# ls
rhel7.repo
bash-4.2# vi yum.repo
bash-4.2# yum repolist
Skipping unreadable repository '///etc/yum.repos.d/rhel7.repo'
source7.3 | 4.1 kB 00:00
(1/2): source7.3/group_gz | 136 kB 00:00
(2/2): source7.3/primary_db | 3.9 MB 00:00
repo id repo name status
source7.3 source7.3 4751
repolist: 4751
bash-4.2# cat yum.repo 配置yum源
[source7.3]
name=source7.3
baseurl=http://172.25.38.250/source7.3
gpgcheck=0
[root@foundation38 docker]# ls
Dockerfile web yum.repo
[root@foundation38 docker]# vim Dockerfile
[root@foundation38 docker]# cat Dockerfile
FROM rhel7
ENV HOSTNAME server1
MAINTAINER 1757159864@qq.com
EXPOSE 80
COPY yum.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
RUN rpmdb --rebuilddb && yum install -y httpd && yum clean all
VOLUME ["/var/www/html"]
CMD ["/usr/sbin/httpd", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker build -t rhel7:v1 . 运行Dockerfile
Sending build context to Docker daemon 7.168 kB
Step 1/8 : FROM rhel7
---> 0a3eb3fde7fd
Step 2/8 : ENV HOSTNAME server1
---> Using cache
---> bbda1be07d9e
Step 3/8 : MAINTAINER [email protected]
---> Using cache
---> 9de9da7f6841
Step 4/8 : EXPOSE 80
---> Using cache
---> a4504786b603
Step 5/8 : COPY yum.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
---> Using cache
---> e8c13b6b6ffc
Step 6/8 : RUN rpmdb --rebuilddb && yum install -y httpd && yum clean all
---> Running in 830a02486077
Skipping unreadable repository '///etc/yum.repos.d/rhel7.repo'
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-45.el7 for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: system-logos >= 7.92.1-1 for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsystemd-daemon.so.0(LIBSYSTEMD_DAEMON_31)(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsystemd-daemon.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7 will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package redhat-logos.noarch 0:70.0.3-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-30.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1()(64bit) for package: systemd-libs-219-30.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf(x86-64) = 0.166-2.el7 for package: elfutils-libs-0.166-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libelf.so.1(ELFUTILS_1.7)(64bit) for package: elfutils-libs-0.166-2.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.158-3.el7 will be updated
---> Package elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-45.el7 source7.3 1.2 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 source7.3 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 source7.3 92 k
elfutils-libs x86_64 0.166-2.el7 source7.3 262 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-45.el7 source7.3 84 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 source7.3 31 k
redhat-logos noarch 70.0.3-6.el7 source7.3 13 M
systemd-libs x86_64 219-30.el7 source7.3 367 k
Updating for dependencies:
elfutils-libelf x86_64 0.166-2.el7 source7.3 208 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+7 Dependent packages)
Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package)
Total download size: 15 M
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 63 MB/s | 15 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/10
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/10
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64 3/10
Updating : elfutils-libelf-0.166-2.el7.x86_64 4/10
Installing : elfutils-libs-0.166-2.el7.x86_64 5/10
Installing : systemd-libs-219-30.el7.x86_64 6/10
Installing : redhat-logos-70.0.3-6.el7.noarch 7/10
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 8/10
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64 9/10
Cleanup : elfutils-libelf-0.158-3.el7.x86_64 10/10
Verifying : systemd-libs-219-30.el7.x86_64 1/10
Verifying : elfutils-libs-0.166-2.el7.x86_64 2/10
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 3/10
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/10
Verifying : redhat-logos-70.0.3-6.el7.noarch 5/10
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 6/10
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64 7/10
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64 8/10
Verifying : elfutils-libelf-0.166-2.el7.x86_64 9/10
Verifying : elfutils-libelf-0.158-3.el7.x86_64 10/10
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7
mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 redhat-logos.noarch 0:70.0.3-6.el7
systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-30.el7
Dependency Updated:
elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7
Complete!
Skipping unreadable repository '///etc/yum.repos.d/rhel7.repo'
Cleaning repos: source7.3
Cleaning up everything
---> ed82e9eb1581
Removing intermediate container 830a02486077
Step 7/8 : VOLUME /var/www/html
---> Running in f977d20283fb
---> 58b862c1c16a
Removing intermediate container f977d20283fb
Step 8/8 : CMD /usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND
---> Running in a5adb8068fcc
---> a6aec614557e
Removing intermediate container a5adb8068fcc
Successfully built a6aec614557e 可以正确执行
编写DockFile实现安装ssh服务:
[root@foundation38 docker]# mkdir ssh
[root@foundation38 docker]# ls
Dockerfile ssh web yum.repo
[root@foundation38 docker]# cp Dockerfile ssh/
重新打开一个shell进行实验环境的搭建:
[root@foundation38 netns]# docker run -it --name vm1 rhel7 bash 进行测试
bash-4.2# yum install -y openssh-server openssh-clients 安装openssh软件
bash-4.2# ls -l /usr/sbin/sshd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 819664 Sep 6 2016 /usr/sbin/sshd
bash-4.2# /usr/sbin/sshd
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
bash-4.2# cd /etc/ssh/
bash-4.2# ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N "" 挨个生成key
bash-4.2# ssh-keygen -q -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N ""
bash-4.2# ssh-keygen -q -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N ""
bash-4.2# ls
moduli ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub ssh_host_rsa_key
ssh_config ssh_host_ed25519_key ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
ssh_host_ecdsa_key ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub sshd_config
bash-4.2# /usr/sbin/sshd
bash-4.2# ssh localhost
root@localhost's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
root@localhost's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
root@localhost's password:
bash-4.2# echo root:westos | chpasswd 设置密码
bash-4.2# ssh localhost 可以用设置的密码登陆
root@localhost's password:
-bash-4.2# exit
logout
Connection to localhost closed.
编写Dockerfile：
[root@foundation38 ssh]# ls
Dockerfile
[root@foundation38 ssh]# cd ..
[root@foundation38 docker]# ls
Dockerfile ssh web yum.repo
[root@foundation38 docker]# cp yum.repo ssh/
[root@foundation38 docker]# cd ssh/
[root@foundation38 ssh]# ls
Dockerfile yum.repo
[root@foundation38 ssh]# cat Dockerfile
FROM rhel7
ENV HOSTNAME server2
MAINTAINER 1757159864@qq.com
EXPOSE 22
COPY yum.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
RUN rpmdb --rebuilddb && yum install -y openssh-server openssh-clients && yum clean all && ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N "" && echo root:westos | chpasswd
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd","-D"]
[root@foundation38 ssh]# docker build -t rhel7:v2 . 运行即可可以正确执行
Successfully built 0f3f4a1b0b2e
直接搭建httpd和ssh服务的框架：
[root@foundation38 ssh]# cd ..
[root@foundation38 docker]# pwd
/tmp/docker
[root@foundation38 docker]# ls
Dockerfile ssh web yum.repo
[root@foundation38 docker]# vim yum.repo 配置yum源确保可以安装supervisor，写脚本之前可以自己进行测试
[root@foundation38 docker]# vim Dockerfile
[root@foundation38 docker]# cat Dockerfile 编写Dockerfile
FROM rhel7
EXPOSE 80 22
COPY yum.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
RUN rpmdb --rebuilddb && yum install -y httpd openssh-server openssh-clients supervisor && yum clean all && ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N "" && echo root:westos | chpasswd
CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord"]
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker build -t rhel7:v3 . 运行Dockerfile
Sending build context to Docker daemon 7.168 kB
Step 1/5 : FROM rhel7
---> 0a3eb3fde7fd
Step 2/5 : EXPOSE 80 22
---> Running in 193de6cc330a
---> cb8b2a69c24b
Removing intermediate container 193de6cc330a
Step 3/5 : COPY yum.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
---> 75638e9efebf
Removing intermediate container 613dffa35c7b
Step 4/5 : RUN rpmdb --rebuilddb && yum install -y httpd openssh-server openssh-clients supervisor && yum clean all && ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N "" && echo root:westos | chpasswd
---> Running in 6e7ae1a06089
Skipping unreadable repository '///etc/yum.repos.d/rhel7.repo'
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-45.el7 for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: system-logos >= 7.92.1-1 for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsystemd-daemon.so.0(LIBSYSTEMD_DAEMON_31)(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsystemd-daemon.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
---> Package openssh-clients.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-31.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: openssh = 6.6.1p1-31.el7 for package: openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: fipscheck-lib(x86-64) >= 1.3.0 for package: openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libedit.so.0()(64bit) for package: openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libfipscheck.so.1()(64bit) for package: openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64
---> Package openssh-server.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-31.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libwrap.so.0()(64bit) for package: openssh-server-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64
---> Package supervisor.noarch 0:3.1.3-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-meld3 >= 0.6.5 for package: supervisor-3.1.3-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-setuptools for package: supervisor-3.1.3-3.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package fipscheck-lib.x86_64 0:1.4.1-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/fipscheck for package: fipscheck-lib-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7 will be installed
---> Package libedit.x86_64 0:3.0-12.20121213cvs.el7 will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package openssh.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-31.el7 will be installed
---> Package python-meld3.x86_64 0:0.6.10-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname for package: python-setuptools-0.9.8-4.el7.noarch
---> Package redhat-logos.noarch 0:70.0.3-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-30.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1()(64bit) for package: systemd-libs-219-30.el7.x86_64
---> Package tcp_wrappers-libs.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf(x86-64) = 0.166-2.el7 for package: elfutils-libs-0.166-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libelf.so.1(ELFUTILS_1.7)(64bit) for package: elfutils-libs-0.166-2.el7.x86_64
---> Package fipscheck.x86_64 0:1.4.1-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.4.0.2-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-backports for package: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.158-3.el7 will be updated
---> Package elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7 will be an update
---> Package python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-45.el7 source7.3 1.2 M
openssh-clients x86_64 6.6.1p1-31.el7 source7.3 642 k
openssh-server x86_64 6.6.1p1-31.el7 source7.3 440 k
supervisor noarch 3.1.3-3.el7 docker 445 k
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 source7.3 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 source7.3 92 k
elfutils-libs x86_64 0.166-2.el7 source7.3 262 k
fipscheck x86_64 1.4.1-5.el7 source7.3 21 k
fipscheck-lib x86_64 1.4.1-5.el7 source7.3 11 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-45.el7 source7.3 84 k
libedit x86_64 3.0-12.20121213cvs.el7 source7.3 92 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 source7.3 31 k
openssh x86_64 6.6.1p1-31.el7 source7.3 437 k
python-backports x86_64 1.0-8.el7 source7.3 5.8 k
python-backports-ssl_match_hostname
noarch 3.4.0.2-4.el7 source7.3 12 k
python-meld3 x86_64 0.6.10-1.el7 docker 73 k
python-setuptools noarch 0.9.8-4.el7 source7.3 397 k
redhat-logos noarch 70.0.3-6.el7 source7.3 13 M
systemd-libs x86_64 219-30.el7 source7.3 367 k
tcp_wrappers-libs x86_64 7.6-77.el7 source7.3 66 k
Updating for dependencies:
elfutils-libelf x86_64 0.166-2.el7 source7.3 208 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 4 Packages (+16 Dependent packages)
Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package)
Total download size: 18 M
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 56 MB/s | 18 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : fipscheck-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64 1/22
Installing : fipscheck-lib-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64 2/22
Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 3/22
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 4/22
Installing : openssh-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64 5/22
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64 6/22
Updating : elfutils-libelf-0.166-2.el7.x86_64 7/22
Installing : elfutils-libs-0.166-2.el7.x86_64 8/22
Installing : systemd-libs-219-30.el7.x86_64 9/22
Installing : libedit-3.0-12.20121213cvs.el7.x86_64 10/22
Installing : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 11/22
Installing : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch 12/22
Installing : python-setuptools-0.9.8-4.el7.noarch 13/22
Installing : python-meld3-0.6.10-1.el7.x86_64 14/22
Installing : redhat-logos-70.0.3-6.el7.noarch 15/22
Installing : tcp_wrappers-libs-7.6-77.el7.x86_64 16/22
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 17/22
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64 18/22
Installing : openssh-server-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64 19/22
Installing : supervisor-3.1.3-3.el7.noarch 20/22
Installing : openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64 21/22
Cleanup : elfutils-libelf-0.158-3.el7.x86_64 22/22
Verifying : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch 1/22
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/22
Verifying : tcp_wrappers-libs-7.6-77.el7.x86_64 3/22
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64 4/22
Verifying : python-setuptools-0.9.8-4.el7.noarch 5/22
Verifying : redhat-logos-70.0.3-6.el7.noarch 6/22
Verifying : python-meld3-0.6.10-1.el7.x86_64 7/22
Verifying : openssh-server-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64 8/22
Verifying : openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64 9/22
Verifying : elfutils-libs-0.166-2.el7.x86_64 10/22
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 11/22
Verifying : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 12/22
Verifying : supervisor-3.1.3-3.el7.noarch 13/22
Verifying : fipscheck-lib-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64 14/22
Verifying : systemd-libs-219-30.el7.x86_64 15/22
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 16/22
Verifying : libedit-3.0-12.20121213cvs.el7.x86_64 17/22
Verifying : openssh-6.6.1p1-31.el7.x86_64 18/22
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64 19/22
Verifying : elfutils-libelf-0.166-2.el7.x86_64 20/22
Verifying : fipscheck-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64 21/22
Verifying : elfutils-libelf-0.158-3.el7.x86_64 22/22
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7
openssh-clients.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-31.el7
openssh-server.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-31.el7
supervisor.noarch 0:3.1.3-3.el7
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7
apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7
fipscheck.x86_64 0:1.4.1-5.el7
fipscheck-lib.x86_64 0:1.4.1-5.el7
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7
libedit.x86_64 0:3.0-12.20121213cvs.el7
mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
openssh.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-31.el7
python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7
python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.4.0.2-4.el7
python-meld3.x86_64 0:0.6.10-1.el7
python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-4.el7
redhat-logos.noarch 0:70.0.3-6.el7
systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-30.el7
tcp_wrappers-libs.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7
Dependency Updated:
elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7
Complete!
Skipping unreadable repository '///etc/yum.repos.d/rhel7.repo'
Cleaning repos: docker source7.3
Cleaning up everything
---> f2dd63436a3a
Removing intermediate container 6e7ae1a06089
Step 5/5 : CMD /usr/bin/supervisord
---> Running in b0a673fb23e9
---> 64d04b9af726
Removing intermediate container b0a673fb23e9
Successfully built 64d04b9af726
[root@foundation38 docker]# ls
Dockerfile ssh supervisord.conf web yum.repo
[root@foundation38 docker]# pwd
/tmp/docker
[root@foundation38 docker]# cat supervisord.conf 配置进行多个服务的配置安装
[supervisord]
nodaemon=true
[program:sshd]
command=/usr/sbin/sshd -D
[program:httpd]
command=/usr/sbin/httpd
[root@foundation38 docker]# vim Dockerfile 编写Dockfile写入文件
[root@foundation38 docker]# cat Dockerfile
FROM rhel7
EXPOSE 80 22
COPY yum.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
RUN rpmdb --rebuilddb && yum install -y httpd openssh-server openssh-clients supervisor && yum clean all && ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N "" && echo root:westos | chpasswd
COPY supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf
CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord"]
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker build -t rhel7:v3 . 运行Dockerfile
Sending build context to Docker daemon 8.192 kB
Step 1/6 : FROM rhel7
---> 0a3eb3fde7fd
Step 2/6 : EXPOSE 80 22
---> Using cache
---> cb8b2a69c24b
Step 3/6 : COPY yum.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
---> Using cache
---> 75638e9efebf
Step 4/6 : RUN rpmdb --rebuilddb && yum install -y httpd openssh-server openssh-clients supervisor && yum clean all && ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N "" && ssh-keygen -q -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N "" && echo root:westos | chpasswd
---> Using cache
---> f2dd63436a3a
Step 5/6 : COPY supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf
---> 01d6fe9d5140
Removing intermediate container 8f8b5a547e21
Step 6/6 : CMD /usr/bin/supervisord
---> Running in 2fa0ec4a9dff
---> 7065648c9208
Removing intermediate container 2fa0ec4a9dff
Successfully built 7065648c9208
测试httpd和ssh服务：
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker run -d --name v4 -v /tmp/docker/web:/var/www/html rhel7:v3 使用挂载的方式创建容器来测试httpd服务
5b480c7a9135817cf112021762b3377fde2999bca2d2bc7473dad2ac8859dc6a
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker ps 查看进程
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5b480c7a9135 rhel7:v3 "/usr/bin/supervisord" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 22/tcp, 80/tcp v4
[root@foundation38 docker]# ssh -l root 172.17.0.2 测试ssh的连接
The authenticity of host '172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 30:0e:bd:7e:f3:bb:0c:32:ec:bc:60:c7:64:71:a2:ed.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.17.0.2' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.17.0.2's password:
-bash-4.2# logout
Connection to 172.17.0.2 closed.
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker ps 查看docker进程
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5b480c7a9135 rhel7:v3 "/usr/bin/supervisord" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes 22/tcp, 80/tcp v4
在网页测试可以看到阿帕其默认访问目录：
CMD方式执行Dockerfile:
[root@foundation38 docker]# pwd
/tmp/docker
[root@foundation38 docker]# ls
Dockerfile ssh supervisord.conf web yum.repo
[root@foundation38 docker]# mkdir test
[root@foundation38 docker]# cd test/
[root@foundation38 test]# ls
[root@foundation38 test]# vim Dockerfile
[root@foundation38 test]# cat Dockerfile
FROM rhel7
CMD echo "hello world!"
[root@foundation38 test]# docker build -t rhel7:v4 . 运行rhel7:v4镜像
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 1/2 : FROM rhel7
---> 0a3eb3fde7fd
Step 2/2 : CMD echo "hello world!"
---> Running in a0917e260524
---> a87e3a0a73f3
Removing intermediate container a0917e260524
Successfully built a87e3a0a73f3
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4 运行
hello world!
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4 echo westos 可以直接加参数改变输出结果
westos
ENTRYPOINT方式执行Dockerfile：
[root@foundation38 test]# docker rmi rhel7:v4
Untagged: rhel7:v4
Deleted: sha256:a87e3a0a73f33f7fc7dc4c6b66e7425ee9ba6f6d79830a7017a564fda4d18993
[root@foundation38 test]# vim Dockerfile
[root@foundation38 test]# cat Dockerfile 不可以改变输出
FROM rhel7
ENTRYPOINT echo "hello world!"
[root@foundation38 test]# docker build -t rhel7:v4 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 1/2 : FROM rhel7
---> 0a3eb3fde7fd
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT echo "hello world!"
---> Running in 449065a6b8c9
---> 008e969ef028
Removing intermediate container 449065a6b8c9
Successfully built 008e969ef028
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4
hello world!
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4 westos 运行的时候无法改变输出内容
hello world!
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4 echo westos
hello world!
CMD+ENTRYPOINT方式执行Dockerfile：
[root@foundation38 test]# vim Dockerfile
[root@foundation38 test]# cat Dockerfile
FROM rhel7
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/echo","hello"]
CMD ["world!"]
[root@foundation38 test]# docker build -t rhel7:v4 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.584 kB
Step 1/3 : FROM rhel7
---> 0a3eb3fde7fd
Step 2/3 : ENTRYPOINT /bin/echo hello
---> Running in 2060a8acf448
---> 0824a1c19f07
Removing intermediate container 2060a8acf448
Step 3/3 : CMD world!
---> Running in fd34017606e0
---> 1f39bb2fac7c
Removing intermediate container fd34017606e0
Successfully built 1f39bb2fac7c
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4
hello world!
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4 westos 只可以改变CMD后面所接的参数
hello westos
ENV+ENTRYPOINT方式执行Dockerfile：
[root@foundation84 docker]# cd test/
[root@foundation84 test]# vim Dockerfile
[root@foundation84 test]# cat Dockerfile
FROM rhel7
ENV name westos
ENTRYPOINT echo "hello $name"
[root@foundation84 test]# docker build -t rhel7:v4 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 1/3 : FROM rhel7
---> 0a3eb3fde7fd
Step 2/3 : ENV name westos
---> Running in 24d40e637bc8
---> 3cdbe2c044d3
Removing intermediate container 24d40e637bc8
Step 3/3 : ENTRYPOINT echo "hello $name"
---> Running in 6c98600583b2
---> 61cd65eefd7a
Removing intermediate container 6c98600583b2
Successfully built 61cd65eefd7a
[root@foundation84 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4
hello westos
[root@foundation84 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4 test 依旧是不可改变是输出结果
hello westos
调用变量的方式执行Dockerfile:
[root@foundation38 test]# docker rmi rhel7:v4 删除镜像
Untagged: rhel7:v4
Deleted: sha256:053738a7cab652f8ea16db9f6cf62489eed2a429aabfbe2ff4e64f971e67dbe9
Deleted: sha256:69e6915b05a4e8b6075da815411e80a465a028c6ce14311fdffab7cabf0000b9
[root@foundation38 test]# vim Dockerfile
[root@foundation38 test]# cat Dockerfile
FROM rhel7
ENV name westos
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh","-c","echo $name"]
[root@foundation38 test]# docker build -t rhel7:v4 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.584 kB
Step 1/3 : FROM rhel7
---> 0a3eb3fde7fd
Step 2/3 : ENV name westos
---> Running in 224d6dc22103
---> b34c2134005d
Removing intermediate container 224d6dc22103
Step 3/3 : ENTRYPOINT /bin/sh -c echo $name
---> Running in 1670d554df25
---> fa8d510a0508
Removing intermediate container 1670d554df25
Successfully built fa8d510a0508
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4
westos
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --rm rhel7:v4 test 调用变量文件中已经指定，另外赋值不会改变输出
westos
docker的部分命令演示：
[root@foundation38 test]# docker ps 查看docker进程
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5b480c7a9135 rhel7:v3 "/usr/bin/supervisord" About an hour ago Up About an hour 22/tcp, 80/tcp v4
[root@foundation38 test]# docker ps -f status=exited 查看为退出状态的docker
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fb61b91db3e0 e8c13b6b6ffc "/bin/sh -c 'yum i..." About an hour ago Exited (1) About an hour ago distracted_easley
[root@foundation38 test]# docker ps -aqf status=exited
fb61b91db3e0
[root@foundation38 test]# docker rm `docker ps -aqf status=exited` 将已经是退出状态的容器删除
fb61b91db3e0
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run --help | grep privileged
--privileged Give extended privileges to this container
–privileged=true命令赋予容器权限：
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run -it --name vm1 ubuntu 创建并运行容器
root@c40afb506da9:/# ls
bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
root@c40afb506da9:/# ip addr 可以查看到IP
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
62: eth0@if63: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.3/16 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@c40afb506da9:/# ip link set down eth0 没有权限将ip关闭
RTNETLINK answers: Operation not permitted
root@c40afb506da9:/# exit
[root@foundation38 test]# docker run -it --name vm2 --privileged=true ubuntu 赋予权限创建并运行docker
root@f60613681bcc:/# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
64: eth0@if65: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.3/16 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@f60613681bcc:/# ip link set down eth0 可以down掉eth0
root@f60613681bcc:/# ip addr 查看ip已经被down掉
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
64: eth0@if65: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.3/16 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@f60613681bcc:/# ip link set up eth0 重新将eth0启动
root@f60613681bcc:/# ip addr 查看IP已经启动了eth0
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
64: eth0@if65: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.3/16 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 scope link tentative
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@f60613681bcc:/# id 容器就有了超级用户的权限
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
root@f60613681bcc:/# exit
exit
[root@foundation38 test]# docker rm -f `docker ps -aq` 删除所有容器
f60613681bcc
c40afb506da9
5b480c7a9135
加载stress镜像进行压力测试：
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker run --rm -it --name vm1 -m 100M --memory-swap 100M stress --vm 1 --vm-bytes 90M 当内存小于所指定物理内存和swap分区和时可以进行压测
stress: info: [1] dispatching hogs: 0 cpu, 0 io, 1 vm, 0 hdd
stress: dbug: [1] using backoff sleep of 3000us
stress: dbug: [1] --> hogvm worker 1 [6] forked
stress: dbug: [6] allocating 94371840 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] freed 94371840 bytes
stress: dbug: [6] allocating 94371840 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] freed 94371840 bytes
stress: dbug: [6] allocating 94371840 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] freed 94371840 bytes
stress: dbug: [6] allocating 94371840 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] freed 94371840 bytes
stress: dbug: [6] allocating 94371840 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [6] freed 94371840 bytes
stress: dbug: [6] allocating 94371840 bytes ...
再打开一个shell输入top命令来实时动态地查看系统的整体运行情况：
当内存超过所给的100M时无法进行压力测试：
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker run --rm -it --name vm1 -m 100M --memory-swap 100M stress --vm 1 --vm-bytes 110M
stress: info: [1] dispatching hogs: 0 cpu, 0 io, 1 vm, 0 hdd
stress: dbug: [1] using backoff sleep of 3000us
stress: dbug: [1] --> hogvm worker 1 [7] forked
stress: dbug: [7] allocating 115343360 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [7] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: FAIL: [1] (416) <-- worker 7 got signal 9
stress: WARN: [1] (418) now reaping child worker processes
stress: FAIL: [1] (422) kill error: No such process
stress: FAIL: [1] (452) failed run completed in 0s
交换分区的内存是物理内存的1.5到2倍，当物理内存不够的时候，会调用交换分区，磁盘是慢设备，当swap被占用系统会慢下来。
不设置交换分区时候可以超过所给内存值，会自动调用交换分区：
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker run --rm -it --name vm1 -m 100M stress --vm 1 --vm-bytes 110M
stress: info: [1] dispatching hogs: 0 cpu, 0 io, 1 vm, 0 hdd
stress: dbug: [1] using backoff sleep of 3000us
stress: dbug: [1] --> hogvm worker 1 [7] forked
stress: dbug: [7] allocating 115343360 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [7] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [7] freed 115343360 bytes
stress: dbug: [7] allocating 115343360 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [7] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [7] freed 115343360 bytes
stress: dbug: [7] allocating 115343360 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [7] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [7] freed 115343360 bytes
stress: dbug: [7] allocating 115343360 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [7] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
在top端查看可以查看到stress运行情况：
当测试内存为所指定内存的两倍时无法执行，默认swap分区大小等于内存大小：
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker run --rm -it --name vm1 -m 100M stress --vm 1 --vm-bytes 200M
stress: info: [1] dispatching hogs: 0 cpu, 0 io, 1 vm, 0 hdd
stress: dbug: [1] using backoff sleep of 3000us
stress: dbug: [1] --> hogvm worker 1 [7] forked
stress: dbug: [7] allocating 209715200 bytes ...
stress: dbug: [7] touching bytes in strides of 4096 bytes ...
stress: FAIL: [1] (416) <-- worker 7 got signal 9
stress: WARN: [1] (418) now reaping child worker processes
stress: FAIL: [1] (422) kill error: No such process
stress: FAIL: [1] (452) failed run completed in 2s
进行优先级测试，调用两个终端进行压测：
查看本机cpu个数：
[root@foundation38 docker]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 42
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2520M CPU @ 2.50GHz
Stepping: 7
CPU MHz: 3012.792
BogoMIPS: 4984.04
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 3072K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
在top端并没有体现出优先级，因为-c 1指定一个cpu，本机总共由四个cpu，意味着cpu会全速给两个进程进行测试，所以无法突显优先级
指定4个cpu进行优先级测试，相当于两个人抢唯一的一个东西：
在top端可以明显看到1024的优先级在512的两倍：
测试容器写的速度：
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker run --rm -it --device-write-bps /dev/sda:10M ubuntu 指定每秒10M运行容器
root@e809badd2b7e:/# time dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile bs=1M count=100 oflag=direct 测试截取100M所需时间
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 9.95491 s, 10.5 MB/s 速度与设定值接近
real 0m9.957s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m0.031s
root@e809badd2b7e:/# time dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile bs=1M count=200 oflag=direct 测试截取200M所需时间
200+0 records in
200+0 records out
209715200 bytes (210 MB) copied, 19.9544 s, 10.5 MB/s 速度与设定值接近
real 0m19.955s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m0.061s
root@e809badd2b7e:/# exit
exit
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker run --rm -it --device-write-bps /dev/sda:20M ubuntu 指定每秒20M运行docker
root@6ee57f13f9ea:/# time dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile bs=1M count=200 oflag=direct 测试截取200M所需时间
200+0 records in
200+0 records out
209715200 bytes (210 MB) copied, 9.93999 s, 21.1 MB/s 速度与所给值接近
real 0m9.941s
user 0m0.003s
sys 0m0.062s
root@6ee57f13f9ea:/# exit
exit
[root@foundation38 docker]# docker run --rm -it --device-write-bps /dev/sda:5M ubuntu 指定每秒5M运行docker
root@3a1af75ea8dd:/# time dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile bs=1M count=20 oflag=direct 测试截取20M所需时间
20+0 records in
20+0 records out
20971520 bytes (21 MB) copied, 4.00237 s, 5.2 MB/s 速度与所给值接近
real 0m4.003s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m0.007s