（五）Spring Boot构建RESTful API与进行单元测试

 创建domain对象User

package cn.wsy.domain;/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2018/8/22.
 */

/**
 * @ClassName: User
 * `*@Description: TODO
 * `*@AuthorAdministrator
 * `*@Date 2018/8/22 10:41
 * `*@Version 1.0
 **/
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

新建UserController

package cn.wsy.controller;/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2018/8/22.
 */
import java.util.*;

import cn.wsy.domain.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
/**
 * @ClassName: UserController
 * `*@Description: TODO
 * `*@AuthorAdministrator
 * `*@Date 2018/8/22 10:36
 * `*@Version 1.0
 **/
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value="/users")     // 通过这里配置使下面的映射都在/users下，可去除
public class UserController {

    static Map<Long, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Long, User>());

    @RequestMapping(value="/", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<User> getUserList() {
        // 处理"/users/"的GET请求，用来获取用户列表
        // 还可以通过@RequestParam从页面中传递参数来进行查询条件或者翻页信息的传递
        List<User> r = new ArrayList<User>(users.values());
        return r;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/", method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public String postUser(@ModelAttribute User user) {
        // 处理"/users/"的POST请求，用来创建User
        // 除了@ModelAttribute绑定参数之外，还可以通过@RequestParam从页面中传递参数
        users.put(user.getId(), user);
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        // 处理"/users/{id}"的GET请求，用来获取url中id值的User信息
        // url中的id可通过@PathVariable绑定到函数的参数中
        return users.get(id);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT)
    public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @ModelAttribute User user) {
        // 处理"/users/{id}"的PUT请求，用来更新User信息
        User u = users.get(id);
        u.setName(user.getName());
        u.setAge(user.getAge());
        users.put(id, u);
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        // 处理"/users/{id}"的DELETE请求，用来删除User
        users.remove(id);
        return "success";
    }

}

测试：

package cn.wsy;/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2018/8/22.
 */

import cn.wsy.controller.UserController;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;


/**
 * @ClassName: UserTests
 * `*@Description: TODO
 * `*@AuthorAdministrator
 * `*@Date 2018/8/22 10:47
 * `*@Version 1.0
 **/

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = MockServletContext.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class UserTests{

    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testUserController() throws Exception {
        // 测试UserController
        RequestBuilder request = null;

        // 1、get查一下user列表，应该为空
        request = get("/users/");
        mvc.perform(request)
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));

        // 2、post提交一个user
        request = post("/users/")
                .param("id", "1")
                .param("name", "spring")
                .param("age", "20");
        mvc.perform(request)
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));

        // 3、get获取user列表，应该有刚才插入的数据
        request = get("/users/");
        mvc.perform(request)
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"spring\",\"age\":20}]")));

        // 4、put修改id为1的user
        request = put("/users/1")
                .param("name", "spring boot")
                .param("age", "30");
        mvc.perform(request)
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));

        // 5、get一个id为1的user
        request = get("/users/1");
        mvc.perform(request)
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"spring boot\",\"age\":30}")));

        // 6、del删除id为1的user
        request = delete("/users/1");
        mvc.perform(request)
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));

        // 7、get查一下user列表，应该为空
        request = get("/users/");
        mvc.perform(request)
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));

    }

}

 至此，我们通过引入web模块（没有做其他的任何配置），就可以轻松利用Spring MVC的功能，以非常简洁的代码完成了对User对象的RESTful API的创建以及单元测试的编写。