事先声明，这个问题没有解决，仅为记录。
我的windows8.1安装USB无线网卡驱动都装不上，试用了三个无线网卡，两个都是Realtek芯片，一个是MTK芯片，不论是官方驱动还是windows更新驱动，都出现如下问题：
由于windows无法架子啊这个设备所需的驱动程序，导致这个设备工作异常。（代码31）
查看setupapi.dev.log，部分结果如下
dvi: Restart: USB\VID_0BDA&PID_8812\123456
dvi: Restart complete.
dvi: Restart: PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_08B3&SUBSYS_80708086&REV_83\4&12796D4C&0&00E5
dvi: Restart complete.
dvi: Restart verified: PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_08B3&SUBSYS_80708086&REV_83\4&12796D4C&0&00E5
!!! dvi: Device not started: Device has problem: 0x1f: CM_PROB_FAILED_ADD.
dvi: {Restarting Devices exit} 10:44:39.794
dvi: Default installer: Exit
dvi: CoInstaller 1: Enter (Post Processing) 10:44:39.800
!!! dvi: CoInstaller 1: failed(0x00000002)! (Post Processing)
!!! dvi: Error 2: The system cannot find the file specified.
dvi: {DIF_INSTALLDEVICE - exit(0x00000002)} 10:44:39.806
!!! ndv: Error(00000002) installing device!
ndv: Device install status: 0x00000002
ndv: Performing device install final cleanup...
! ndv: Queueing up error report since device installation failed...
ndv: {Core Device Install - exit(0x00000002)} 10:44:39.822
dvi: {DIF_DESTROYPRIVATEDATA} 10:44:39.823
dvi: CoInstaller 1: Enter 10:44:39.824
dvi: CoInstaller 1: Exit
dvi: CoInstaller 2: Enter 10:44:39.826
dvi: CoInstaller 2: Exit
dvi: Default installer: Enter 10:44:39.828
dvi: Default installer: Exit
dvi: {DIF_DESTROYPRIVATEDATA - exit(0xe000020e)} 10:44:39.830
ump: Server install process exited with code 0x00000002 10:44:39.867
ump: {Plug and Play Service: Device Install exit(00000002)}
!!! ndv: Device install failed for device.
!!! ndv: Error 2: The system cannot find the file specified.
ndv: {Update Driver Software Wizard exit(00000002)}
<<< Section end 2018/08/19 10:45:05.287
<<< [Exit status: FAILURE(0x00000002)]
都出现加红的那行。怀疑是操作系统文件损坏了或者某种冲突，实在不想重装系统，不知道有朋友遇到过没？
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20180830更新：
怀疑是系统文件损坏，所有的USB转无线网卡，或者USB转以太网口的驱动都装不上，都出现相同异常。