spring mvc 整体架构及工作流程
核心组件：
-
DispatcherServlet （前端控制器, 处理请求的入口,spring mvc的核心，一般在服务器启动时初始化）
-
HandlerMapping （映射器对象, 用于管理url与对应controller的映射关系）
-
Interceptors（拦截器,实现请求响应的共性处理）
-
Controller （后端控制器, 负责处理请求的控制逻辑）
-
ViewResolver（视图解析器,解析对应的视图关系：前缀+view+后缀）
基于xml方式创建Maven WEB 项目
1. 创建maven web项目
1.1 生成web.xml
1.2 配置Tomcat
1.3 设置编译版本
2. 添加Spring MVC 项目依赖及配置文件
2.1 配置pom.xml文件
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>2.2 在项目的resources的目录中添加核心配置文件spring-configs.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans default-lazy-init="true"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
</beans>3. 配置前端控制器
打开web.xml，配置DispatcherServlet对象
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<display-name>Spring-MVC-01</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>frontController</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- init-param 中的参数名不能变（此名字在DispatcherServlet父类中定义） -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-configs.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 让tomcat启动时即加载时便初始化servlet -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>frontController</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>4. 创建后端控制器
后端控制器编写时可以实现Controller接口，然后重写handleRequest方法处理请求
package com.jt.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class XmlHelloController implements Controller {
/** 通过此方法处理客户端请求 */
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.setViewName("hello");
mv.addObject("msg", "hello cgb1805");
return mv;
}
}
5. 创建JSP页面对象
在项目的WEB-INF/pages文件夹下创建hello.jsp文件
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>first spring mvc example</h1>
<h1>${msg}</h1>
</body>
</html>6. 配置后端控制及视图解析
在spring mvc 核心配置文件spring-configs.xml中添配置
<!-- 配置 后端 controller对象 -->
<bean id="helloController" class="com.jk.controller.XmlHelloController" />
<!-- 配置HandlerMapping(定义url到controller之间的映射) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="UrlMap">
<map>
<entry key="/hello.do" value="helloController" />
</map>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 /WEB-INF/pages/hello.jsp -->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>