webAPI xUnit单元测试

通常我们在编码完成功能后，都需要进行单元测试，编写单元测试的好处在于有助于代码维护。

一、测试框架MSTest与xUnit比较

特性比较

MSTest	xUnit	备注
[TestClass]	无	标记为测试类
[TestMethod]	[Fact]	标记为测试方法
[ExpectedException]	Assert.Throws	期望抛出异常
[TestInitialize]	Constructor	在每个测试方法执行之前用于初始化的方法
[TestCleanup]	IDisposable.Dispose	在每个测试方法执行之前用于结束的方法
[ClassInitialize]	IUseFixture<T>	在所有测试方法执行之前用于初始化的方法
[Ignore]	[Fact(Skip="reason")]	跳过测试设置
[Timeout]	[Fact(Timeout=n)]	用于指定被测试方法的最大执行时间（单位毫秒），若超过指定的标记时间，则被认为测试失败
[TestProperty]	[Trait]	设置任意的测试数据
[DataSource]	[Theory], [XxxData]	理论上的数据驱动测试

断言比较

MSTest	xUnit	备注
AreEqual	Equal	相等比较
AreNotEqual	NotEqual	不相等比较
AreNotSame	NotSame	不相同比较
AreSame	Same	相同比较
Contains (on CollectionAssert)	Contains	包含比较
DoesNotContain (on CollectionAssert)	DoesNotContain	不包含比较
无	DoesNotThrow	不抛出异常
Fail	无	失败
Inconclusive	无
无	InRange	在范围内
无	IsAssignableFrom
无	Empty
IsFalse	False
IsInstanceOfType	IsType
IsNotInstanceOfType	IsNotType
IsNotNull	NotNull
IsNull	Null
IsTrue	True
无	NotInRange	不在范围内
无	Throws	抛出异常

二、webAPI 创建xUnit单元测试

1、使用VSCode创建webAPI项目（命令 dotnet new webapi）

2、使用VSCode创建xunit项目（命令 dotnet new xunit）

3、xunit 项目添加对webAPI项目的引用

4、单元测试代码示例

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using UnitTestCommonLib;
using UnitTestWebAPI.Controllers;
using Xunit;

namespace WebAPIUnitTest
{
	[Collection("Sequential")]
	public class ClerkUnitTest
	{
		CommonHelper commonHelper = new CommonHelper();
		ClerkEntities clerkEntities = new ClerkEntities();

		/// <summary>
		/// test GetClerkList
		/// </summary>
		[Fact]
		public void GetClerkList()
		{
			//create test data for CSB004
			var clerkList = new List<CSB004>
			{
				new CSB004 { Ucode = "000000000001", ClkCode = "0000000001", ClkName = "clkname1", ClkGrpCode = "000001", DrawerNumber = "1", ClkIntCode = "000001", NbchkNumFrom = "000001", NbchkNumTo = "000009", Unusable = "0", CreateDateTime = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString ("yyyyMMddHHmmss"), UpdateDateTime = "" },
				new CSB004 { Ucode = "000000000001", ClkCode = "0000000002", ClkName = "clkname2", ClkGrpCode = "000001", DrawerNumber = "1", ClkIntCode = "000001", NbchkNumFrom = "000001", NbchkNumTo = "000009", Unusable = "0", CreateDateTime = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString ("yyyyMMddHHmmss"), UpdateDateTime = "" },
				new CSB004 { Ucode = "000000000002", ClkCode = "0000000002", ClkName = "clkname2", ClkGrpCode = "000001", DrawerNumber = "1", ClkIntCode = "000001", NbchkNumFrom = "000001", NbchkNumTo = "000009", Unusable = "0", CreateDateTime = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString ("yyyyMMddHHmmss"), UpdateDateTime = "" }
			};
			clerkEntities.csb004.AddRange(clerkList);
			clerkEntities.SaveChanges();
			//create test examples
			var testcol = new GetClerkListController();
			GetClerkListController.InputModel input = new GetClerkListController.InputModel();
			// data exist
			input.Ucode = "000000000001";
			var actualValue = testcol.GetClerkList(input);
			var actualModel = JsonHelper.JsonToEntity<CommonHelper.ReturnInfo>(actualValue);
			//No data exist -No data in CSB004
			input.Ucode = "000000000003";
			var actualValue1 = testcol.GetClerkList(input);
			// when ucode is empty
			input.Ucode = "";
			var actualValue2 = testcol.GetClerkList(input);
			var actualModel2 = JsonHelper.JsonToEntity<CommonHelper.ReturnInfo>(actualValue2);
			//clear test data
			clerkEntities.csb004.RemoveRange(clerkList);
			clerkEntities.SaveChanges();
			//verify
			Assert.NotNull(actualValue);
			Assert.Equal(CommonHelper.ERROR_CORRECT, actualModel.errorcode);
			Assert.Equal(commonHelper.ReturnCodeMessage(CommonHelper.ERROR_NORECORD), actualValue1);
			Assert.Equal(CommonHelper.ERROR_REQUIRED, actualModel2.errorcode);
			Assert.Equal("Ucode", actualModel2.maininfo);
		}
}

5、注：测试类中的[Collection("Sequential")]标注，防止同一个单元测试项目中，不同测试类中的不同测试方法在测试运行时，出现数据冲突，造成测试失败