【数据结构】动态顺序表

前言:

对于初学数据结构的新手来说,第一步都是从线性表学起,我们都知道线性表是:具有n个数据元素的有限序列,且能进行增删改查操作的一种线性数据结构。而根据数据元素在存储单元中存储的方式不同又分为顺序表与链表。顺序表就是用一段地址连续的存储单元存储数据,我们大多选用的都是数组,而对于数组可分为静态数组与动态数组,所以顺序表又可分为静态顺序表与动态顺序表。

今天来一起学习的是:动态顺序表的一些相关操作
动态顺序表就是容量随着数据的增加而增加

参考代码:

SeqList.h:

#ifndef __SEQLIST_H__
#define __SEQLIST_H__

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef int DataType;
#define DEFAULE_MAX 3

typedef struct SeqList
{
    DataType* data;
    size_t size;
    size_t capacity;
}SeqList, *pSeqList;

//初始化
void Init(pSeqList pSeq);
//销毁
void Destory(pSeqList pSeq);
//打印
void PrintSeqList(pSeqList pSeq);

//尾插
void PushBack(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d);
//尾删
void PopBack(pSeqList pSeq);

//头部插入
void PushFront(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d);
//头部删除
void PopFront(pSeqList pSeq);

//查找
int Find(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d);
//指定个数插入(第几个)
void Insert(pSeqList pSeq, size_t pos, DataType d);
//指定下标删除
void Erase(pSeqList pSeq, size_t pos);
//删除指定元素
void ReMove(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d);
//删除所有指定元素
void ReMoveAll(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d);
//返回顺序表大小
int Size(pSeqList pSeq);
//判断顺序表是否为空
int IsEmpty(pSeqList pSeq);
//冒泡排序
void BubbleSort(pSeqList pSeq);
//选择排序
void SelectSort(pSeqList pSeq);
//二分排序
int BinarySearch(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d);

#endif// __SEQLIST_H__

SeqList.c:

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include "SeqList.h"


//初始化
void Init(pSeqList pSeq)
{
    assert(pSeq);
    pSeq->data = (DataType*)malloc(DEFAULE_MAX * sizeof(DataType));
    if (NULL == pSeq->data)
    {
        perror("malloc false");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    pSeq->size = 0;
    pSeq->capacity = DEFAULE_MAX;

}

//销毁
void Destory(pSeqList pSeq)
{
    assert(pSeq);
    free(pSeq->data);
    pSeq->data = NULL;
    pSeq->size = 0;
    pSeq->capacity = 0;

    printf("销毁成功\n");

}

//打印
void PrintSeqList(pSeqList pSeq)
{
    int i = 0;
    assert(pSeq);
    for (i = 0; i < pSeq->size; i++)
    {
        printf("%d  ", pSeq->data[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
}
//检查容量
static void CheckCapacity(pSeqList pSeq)
{
    assert(pSeq);
    if (pSeq->size == pSeq->capacity)
    {
        DataType* tmp = (DataType*)realloc(pSeq->data, (pSeq->capacity + 2)*sizeof(DataType));
        if (tmp != NULL)
        {
            pSeq->data = tmp;

        }
        pSeq->capacity += 2;
        printf("增容成功\n");


    }
}

//尾插
void PushBack(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d)
{
    assert(pSeq);

    CheckCapacity(pSeq);
    pSeq->data[pSeq->size] = d;
    pSeq->size++;
}
//尾删
void PopBack(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d)
{
    assert(pSeq);
    if (pSeq->size == 0)
    {
        printf("为空不能删\n");
        return;
    }
    pSeq->size--;
}

//头部插入
void PushFront(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d)
{
    int i = 0;
    assert(pSeq);
    CheckCapacity(pSeq);

    for (i = pSeq->size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        pSeq->data[i + 1] = pSeq->data[i];
    }
    pSeq->data[0] = d;
    pSeq->size++;
}
//头部删除
void PopFront(pSeqList pSeq)
{
    int i = 0;
    assert(pSeq);

    if (pSeq->size == 0)
    {
        printf("为空不能删\n");
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < pSeq->size; i++)
    {
        pSeq->data[i] = pSeq->data[i + 1];
    }
    pSeq->size--;
}

//查找
int Find(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d)
{
    int i = 0;
    assert(pSeq);
    if (pSeq->size == 0)
    {
        printf("为空操作失败\n");
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < pSeq->size; i++)
    {
        if (pSeq->data[i] == d)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (i != pSeq->size)
    {
        return i;
    }
    else
    {
        return 0;
    }

}
//指定个数插入(第几个)
void Insert(pSeqList pSeq, size_t pos, DataType d)
{
    assert(pSeq);
    assert(pos >= 0 && pos <= pSeq->size);
    CheckCapacity(pSeq);
    int i = 0;

    //下标
    for (i = pSeq->size - 1; i >= pos; i--)
    {
        pSeq->data[i + 1] = pSeq->data[i];
    }
    //pSeq->data[i] = pSeq->data[i--]; 按个数插入
    pSeq->data[i+1] = d;
    pSeq->size++;

}
//指定下标删除
void Erase(pSeqList pSeq, size_t pos)
{
    int i = 0;
    assert(pSeq);
    if (pSeq->size == 0)
    {
        printf("为空操作失败\n");
        return;
    }
    for(i = pos; i < pSeq->size-1; i++)
    {
        pSeq->data[i] = pSeq->data[i + 1];

    }
    pSeq->size--;

}
//删除指定元素
void ReMove(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d)
{
    int i = 0;
    assert(pSeq);
    if (pSeq->size == 0)
    {
        printf("为空操作失败\n");
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < pSeq->size; i++)
    {
        if (d == pSeq->data[i])
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (i == pSeq->size)
    {
        printf("删除元素不存在");
        return;
    }
    for (; i < pSeq->size-1; i++)
    {
        pSeq->data[i] = pSeq->data[i + 1];
    }
    pSeq->size--;
}

//删除所有指定元素 (三种方法)
void ReMoveAll(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d)
{
    int i = 0;
    int count = 0;
    //DataType* tmp = (DataType*)malloc(sizeof(DataType)*pSeq->size);
    assert(pSeq);
    if (pSeq->size == 0)
    {
        printf("为空操作失败\n");
        return;
    }

#if 0   //原数后面从该处开始覆盖
    for (i = 0; i < pSeq->size; i++)
    {
        if (pSeq->data[i] == d)
        {
            int j = 0;
            for (j = i; j < pSeq->size; j++)
            {
                pSeq->data[j] = pSeq->data[j + 1];
            }
            pSeq->size--;
            i--;
        }
    }
#endif

#if 0   //开辟新空间

    for (i = 0; i < pSeq->size; i++)
    {
        if (pSeq->data[i] != d)
        {
            tmp[count++] = pSeq->data[i];
        }
    }
    memcpy(pSeq->data, tmp, count*sizeof(DataType));
    pSeq->size = count;
    free(tmp);
    tmp = NULL;

#endif

#if 1  //最优解:在原数组基础上定义两变量 i,count.一个从头遍历  一个从头存储。
    for (i = 0; i < pSeq->size; i++)
    {
        if (pSeq->data[i] != d)
        {
            pSeq->data[count++] = pSeq->data[i];
        }
    }
    pSeq->size = count;
#endif


}
//返回顺序表大小
int Size(pSeqList pSeq)
{
    assert(pSeq);
    if (pSeq->size == 0)
    {
        printf("为空操作失败\n");
        return;
    }
    return pSeq->size;

}
//判断顺序表是否为空
int IsEmpty(pSeqList pSeq)
{
    assert(pSeq);

    return pSeq->size == 0;
}
//交换函数
static void Swap(DataType* a, DataType* b)
{
    DataType* tmp = NULL;
    tmp = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = tmp;
}
//冒泡排序
void BubbleSort(pSeqList pSeq)
{
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    int flag = 0;
    assert(pSeq);

    for (i = 0; i < pSeq->size - 1; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < pSeq->size - i - 1; j++)
        {
            if (pSeq->data[j]>pSeq->data[j + 1])
            {
                //Swap(&pSeq->data[j], &pSeq->data[j + 1]);
                Swap(pSeq->data + j, pSeq->data + j + 1);
                flag = 1;
            }
        }
        if (0 == flag)
        {
            break;
        }
    }

}
//选择排序:找最大移到合适位置
#if 0
void SelectSort(pSeqList pSeq)
{
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    assert(pSeq);
    for (i = 0; i < pSeq->size; i++)
    {
        int min = i;   //默认最大下标
        for (j = i + 1; j < pSeq->size; j++)
        {
            if (pSeq->data[min] > pSeq->data[j])
            {
                min = j;
            }
        }
        if (min != i)
        {
            Swap(pSeq->data + min, pSeq->data+i);
        }
    }

}
#endif
//选择排序优化:边找最大边找最小
#if 1
void SelectSort(pSeqList pSeq)
{

    int start = 0;
    int end = pSeq->size - 1;
    assert(pSeq);

    while (start < end)
    {
        int max = start;
        int min = start;
        int i = 0;
        for (i = start; i <= end; i++)
        {
            if (pSeq->data[i] > pSeq->data[max])
            {
                max = i;
            }
            if (pSeq->data[i] < pSeq->data[min])
            {
                min = i;
            }
        }
        if (max != end)
        {
            Swap(pSeq->data + max, pSeq->data + end);
        }
        if (max == start)
        {
            max = min;
        }
        if (min != start)
        {
            Swap(pSeq->data + min, pSeq->data + start);
        }

        start++;
        end--;

    }

}
#endif
//二分排序非递归
#if 0
int BinarySearch(pSeqList pSeq, DataType d)
{
    int left = 0;
    int right = pSeq->size - 1;
    while (left <= right)
    {
        //...
        int mid = left + ((right - left) >> 1);
        if (pSeq->data[mid] == d)
        {
            return mid;
        }
        else if (d < pSeq->data[mid])
        {
            right = mid - 1;
        }
        else
        {
            left = mid + 1;
        }

    }
    return -1;
}
#endif

//二分递归
#if 1
int BinarySearch(pSeqList pSeq, int left, int right, DataType d)
{
    int mid = 0;
    if (left > right)

        return -1;
    mid = left + ((right - left) >> 1);

    if (pSeq->data[mid] == d)
    {
        return mid;
    }
    else if (pSeq->data[mid] > d)
        return BinarySearch(pSeq, left, mid - 1, d);
    else
        return BinarySearch(pSeq, mid + 1, right, d);

}
#endif

test.c:

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1


#include "SeqList.h"
static SeqList seq;

void testpushback()
{
    PushBack(&seq, 2);
    PushBack(&seq, 6);
    PushBack(&seq, 5);

    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    PushBack(&seq, 9);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);

}


void testpopback()
{
    PopBack(&seq); 
    PrintSeqList(&seq);

    PopBack(&seq);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);

}
void testpushfront()
{
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 6);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 7);
    PushFront(&seq, 9);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);

    PrintSeqList(&seq);
}
void testpopfront()
{
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 6);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 7);
    PushFront(&seq, 9);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);

    PopFront(&seq);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    PopFront(&seq);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    PopFront(&seq);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
}
int testFind()
{
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 6);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 7);
    PushFront(&seq, 9);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);

    int pos = 0;
    pos = Find(&seq, 3);
    if (pos == -1)
    {
        printf("没找到");
    }
    else
        printf("找到了 下标%d ", pos);
}

void testInsert()
{
    int pos = 3;
    PushFront(&seq, 1);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 3);
    PushFront(&seq, 1);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    printf("\n");
    Insert(&seq, pos, 9);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);

}

void testErase()
{
    int pos = 3;
    PushFront(&seq, 1);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 3);
    PushFront(&seq, 6);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    printf("\n");
    Erase(&seq, pos);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);

}

void testRemove()
{
    PushFront(&seq, 1);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 3);
    PushFront(&seq, 6);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    printf("\n");
    ReMove(&seq, 3);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);

}

void testRemoveall()
{
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 3);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    printf("\n");
    ReMoveAll(&seq, 5);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);

}

int testsize()
{

    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 3);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    printf("\n");
    printf("%d", Size(&seq));

}


void testempty()
{
    int ret = 0;
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 3);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    printf("\n");
    ret = IsEmpty(&seq);
    if (!ret)
    {
        printf("kong");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("not kong");
    }


}
void testbubblesort()
{
    PushFront(&seq, 9);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 3);
    PushFront(&seq, 4);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 7);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    printf("\n");
    BubbleSort(&seq);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);

}
void testselectsort()
{
    PushFront(&seq, 1);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 3);
    PushFront(&seq, 6);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    printf("\n");
    SelectSort(&seq);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
}

void testbinarysearch()
{
    int pos = 0;
    PushFront(&seq, 1);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PushFront(&seq, 3);
    PushFront(&seq, 6);
    PushFront(&seq, 5);
    PushFront(&seq, 2);
    PrintSeqList(&seq);
    printf("\n");
    pos = BinarySearch(&seq,0,seq.size-1,1);
    if (pos != -1)
    {
        printf("下标为%d\n",pos);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("找不到\n");
    }

}

int main()
{
    Init(&seq);
    //testpushback();
    //testpopback();
    //testpushfront();
    //testpopfront();
    //testFind();
    //testInsert();
    //testErase();
    //testRemove();
    //testRemoveall();
    //testsize();
    //testempty();
    //testbubblesort();
    //testselectsort();
    testbinarysearch();

    Destory(&seq);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

结语:

我不是天生强大,而是天生要强

                                      --梅西

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_41035588/article/details/80788260