开发单元测试，测试spring环境

前言

要想测试spring开发环境，在测试过程中自然要启动容器applicationContext.xml，在下文会介绍搭建一个利用testng进行单元测试的简单方法。

编码环境

• Intellij IDEA 2018.1
• Maven 3.3.1
• Spring 4.x
• Java 1.8

测试程序目录结构

源代码&开发步骤

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.smart</groupId>
    <artifactId>chapter13</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>${commons-dbcp.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>6.8.7</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.7.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <forkMode>once</forkMode>
                    <threadCount>10</threadCount>
                    <argLine>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</argLine>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <file.encoding>UTF-8</file.encoding>
        <spring.version>4.2.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>
        <junit.version>4.10</junit.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.29</mysql.version>
        <commons-dbcp.version>1.4</commons-dbcp.version>
        <jetty.version>8.1.8.v20121106</jetty.version>
    </properties>

</project>

jdbc.properties

jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sampledb
jdbc.username=username
jdbc.password=password

log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,A1
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %5p [%t] (%F:%L) - %m%n

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--扫描包以注册注解声明的bean-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.smart" />

    <!--配置数据源-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
        destroy-method="close"
          p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
          p:url="${jdbc.url}"
          p:username="${jdbc.username}"
          p:password="${jdbc.password}" />

    <!--声明JdbcTemplate Bean-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"
          p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" />

    <!--声明事务,如果没有声明事务，则在测试过程中将报"找不到事务bean"的错误 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"
        p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"/>

</beans>

ForumDao.java

package com.smart.dao;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class ForumDao {

    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void initDb(){
        String sql = "create table t_user(user_id int primary key, user_name varchar(60))";
        jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }
}

ForumDaoTest.java

package com.smart.dao;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.testng.AbstractTransactionalTestNGSpringContextTests;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
public class ForumDaoTest extends AbstractTransactionalTestNGSpringContextTests {

    @Autowired
    private ForumDao forumDao;

    @Test(enabled = true)
    public void testInitDb(){
        forumDao.initDb();
    }

}