Matlab 中并没有发现最小外接矩形的代码，为了方便
下面提供最小外接矩形的代码：
注：这个函数是源于网上找到的代码的改进版，原版不能检测水平线或者垂直线
function [rectx,recty,area,perimeter] = minboundrect(x,y,metric)
% minboundrect: Compute the minimal bounding rectangle of points in the plane
% usage: [rectx,recty,area,perimeter] = minboundrect(x,y,metric)
%
% arguments: (input)
% x,y - vectors of points, describing points in the plane as
% (x,y) pairs. x and y must be the same lengths.
%
% metric - (OPTIONAL) - single letter character flag which
% denotes the use of minimal area or perimeter as the
% metric to be minimized. metric may be either 'a' or 'p',
% capitalization is ignored. Any other contraction of 'area'
% or 'perimeter' is also accepted.
%
% DEFAULT: 'a' ('area')
%
% arguments: (output)
% rectx,recty - 5x1 vectors of points that define the minimal
% bounding rectangle.
%
% area - (scalar) area of the minimal rect itself.
%
% perimeter - (scalar) perimeter of the minimal rect as found
%
%
% Note: For those individuals who would prefer the rect with minimum
% perimeter or area, careful testing convinces me that the minimum area
% rect was generally also the minimum perimeter rect on most problems
% (with one class of exceptions). This same testing appeared to verify my
% assumption that the minimum area rect must always contain at least
% one edge of the convex hull. The exception I refer to above is for
% problems when the convex hull is composed of only a few points,
% most likely exactly 3. Here one may see differences between the
% two metrics. My thanks to Roger Stafford for pointing out this
% class of counter-examples.
%
% Thanks are also due to Roger for pointing out a proof that the
% bounding rect must always contain an edge of the convex hull, in
% both the minimal perimeter and area cases.
%
%
% See also: minboundcircle, minboundtri, minboundsphere
%
%
% default for metric
if (nargin<3) || isempty(metric)
metric = 'a';
elseif ~ischar(metric)
error 'metric must be a character flag if it is supplied.'
else
% check for 'a' or 'p'
metric = lower(metric(:)');
ind = strmatch(metric,{'area','perimeter'});
if isempty(ind)
error 'metric does not match either ''area'' or ''perimeter'''
end
% just keep the first letter.
metric = metric(1);
end
% preprocess data
x=x(:);
y=y(:);
% not many error checks to worry about
n = length(x);
if n~=length(y)
error 'x and y must be the same sizes'
end
% if var(x)==0
% start out with the convex hull of the points to
% reduce the problem dramatically. Note that any
% points in the interior of the convex hull are
% never needed, so we drop them.
if n>3
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
if (var(x)== 0|| var(y)==0)
if var(x)== 0
x = [x-1;x(1); x+1 ];
y = [y ;y(1);y];
flag = 1;
else
y = [y-1;y(1); y+1 ];
x = [x ;x(1);x];
flag = 1;
end
else
flag = 0;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
edges = convhull(x,y); % 'Pp' will silence the warnings
end
% exclude those points inside the hull as not relevant
% also sorts the points into their convex hull as a
% closed polygon
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
if flag == 0
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
x = x(edges);
y = y(edges);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% probably fewer points now, unless the points are fully convex
nedges = length(x) - 1;
elseif n>1
% n must be 2 or 3
nedges = n;
x(end+1) = x(1);
y(end+1) = y(1);
else
% n must be 0 or 1
nedges = n;
end
% now we must find the bounding rectangle of those
% that remain.
% special case small numbers of points. If we trip any
% of these cases, then we are done, so return.
switch nedges
case 0
% empty begets empty
rectx = [];
recty = [];
area = [];
perimeter = [];
return
case 1
% with one point, the rect is simple.
rectx = repmat(x,1,5);
recty = repmat(y,1,5);
area = 0;
perimeter = 0;
return
case 2
% only two points. also simple.
rectx = x([1 2 2 1 1]);
recty = y([1 2 2 1 1]);
area = 0;
perimeter = 2*sqrt(diff(x).^2 + diff(y).^2);
return
end
% 3 or more points.
% will need a 2x2 rotation matrix through an angle theta
Rmat = @(theta) [cos(theta) sin(theta);-sin(theta) cos(theta)];
% get the angle of each edge of the hull polygon.
ind = 1:(length(x)-1);
edgeangles = atan2(y(ind+1) - y(ind),x(ind+1) - x(ind));
% move the angle into the first quadrant.
edgeangles = unique(mod(edgeangles,pi/2));
% now just check each edge of the hull
nang = length(edgeangles);
area = inf;
perimeter = inf;
met = inf;
xy = [x,y];
for i = 1:nang
% rotate the data through -theta
rot = Rmat(-edgeangles(i));
xyr = xy*rot;
xymin = min(xyr,[],1);
xymax = max(xyr,[],1);
% The area is simple, as is the perimeter
A_i = prod(xymax - xymin);
P_i = 2*sum(xymax-xymin);
if metric=='a'
M_i = A_i;
else
M_i = P_i;
end
% new metric value for the current interval. Is it better?
if M_i<met
% keep this one
met = M_i;
area = A_i;
perimeter = P_i;
rect = [xymin;[xymax(1),xymin(2)];xymax;[xymin(1),xymax(2)];xymin];
rect = rect*rot';
rectx = rect(:,1);
recty = rect(:,2);
end
end
% get the final rect
% all done
end % mainline end当然这段代码并没有获取到外接矩形的长和宽，下面我在写一个函数，就可以获得对应外接矩形的长和宽
function [ wid hei ] = minboxing( d_x , d_y )
%minboxing Summary of this function goes here
% Detailed explanation goes here
dd = [d_x, d_y];
dd1 = dd([4 1 2 3],:);
ds = sqrt(sum((dd-dd1).^2,2));
wid = min(ds(1:2));
hei = max(ds(1:2));
end
这里默认为较短的距离为宽，较长的距离为长。
调用代码如下：注（dataX, dataY为需要计算最小外接矩形的数据。）
[recty,rectx,area,perimeter] = minboundrect(dataX, dataY);
[wei hei] = minboxing(rectx(1:end-1),recty(1:end-1));