SoftReference
一、总结
1.jdk 1.8.0
2.定义
是用来描述一些还有用但并非必须的对象。对于软引用关联着的对象，在系统将要发生内存溢出异常之前，将会把这些对象列进回收范围之中进行第二次回收。如果这次回收还没有足够的内存，才会抛出内存溢出异常。
3.特点
- 对于软引用关联着的对象，如果内存充足，则垃圾回收器不会回收该对象，如果内存不够了，就会回收这些对象的内存
4.应用
- 通常用于实现内存敏感的缓存
二、源码分析
/**
* Soft reference objects, which are cleared at the discretion of the garbage
* collector in response to memory demand. Soft references are most often used
* to implement memory-sensitive caches.
*
* <p> Suppose that the garbage collector determines at a certain point in time
* that an object is <a href="package-summary.html#reachability">softly
* reachable</a>. At that time it may choose to clear atomically all soft
* references to that object and all soft references to any other
* softly-reachable objects from which that object is reachable through a chain
* of strong references. At the same time or at some later time it will
* enqueue those newly-cleared soft references that are registered with
* reference queues.
*
* <p> All soft references to softly-reachable objects are guaranteed to have
* been cleared before the virtual machine throws an
* <code>OutOfMemoryError</code>. Otherwise no constraints are placed upon the
* time at which a soft reference will be cleared or the order in which a set
* of such references to different objects will be cleared. Virtual machine
* implementations are, however, encouraged to bias against clearing
* recently-created or recently-used soft references.
*
* <p> Direct instances of this class may be used to implement simple caches;
* this class or derived subclasses may also be used in larger data structures
* to implement more sophisticated caches. As long as the referent of a soft
* reference is strongly reachable, that is, is actually in use, the soft
* reference will not be cleared. Thus a sophisticated cache can, for example,
* prevent its most recently used entries from being discarded by keeping
* strong referents to those entries, leaving the remaining entries to be
* discarded at the discretion of the garbage collector.
*
* @version 1.35, 11/17/05
* @author Mark Reinhold
* @since 1.2
*/
public class SoftReference<T> extends Reference<T> {
/* Timestamp clock, updated by the garbage collector
*/
static private long clock;
/* Timestamp updated by each invocation of the get method. The VM may use
* this field when selecting soft references to be cleared, but it is not
* required to do so.
*/
private long timestamp;
/**
* Creates a new soft reference that refers to the given object. The new
* reference is not registered with any queue.
*
* @param referent object the new soft reference will refer to
*/
public SoftReference(T referent) {
super(referent);
this.timestamp = clock;
}
/**
* Creates a new soft reference that refers to the given object and is
* registered with the given queue.
*
* @param referent object the new soft reference will refer to
* @param q the queue with which the reference is to be registered,
* or <tt>null</tt> if registration is not required
*
*/
public SoftReference(T referent, ReferenceQueue<? super T> q) {
super(referent, q);
this.timestamp = clock;
}
/**
* Returns this reference object's referent. If this reference object has
* been cleared, either by the program or by the garbage collector, then
* this method returns <code>null</code>.
*
* @return The object to which this reference refers, or
* <code>null</code> if this reference object has been cleared
*/
public T get() {
T o = super.get();
if (o != null) this.timestamp = clock;
return o;
}
}
三、应用
1. 使用软引用构建敏感数据的缓存