Linux之系统中的网络配置

#####linux下的网络配置######

1.什么是IP ADDRESS

                internet protocol ADDRESS  ##网络进程地址

               ipv4      internet   protocol  version  4

            1.2*32

               ip是由32个01组成

               11111110.11111110.11111110.11111110=254.254.254.254

            2.子网掩码

            用来划分网络区域

             子网掩码非0的位对应的ip上的数字表示这个ip的网络位

             子网掩码0位对应的数值是ip的主机位

              网络位表示网络区域

              主机位表示网络区域里的某台主机

           3.ip通信判定

           网络位一致,主机位不一致的2个IP可以直接通讯

          172.25.254.1/24       24=255.255.255.0

          172.25.254.2/24

          172.25.0.1/16

        4.网络设定工具

       ping                  ##检测网络是否通畅

 

       ifconfig             ##查看或设定网络接口

       ifconfig            ##查看

       ifconfig      device   ip/24   #设定    

       ifconfig     device    down    ##关机

       ifconfig     device   up       ##开机

        ip addr           ##检测或设定网络接口

       ip  addr  show              ##检测

       ip  addr   add  ip/24  dev  device      ##设定

“注意:   device的名字是一个物理事实,看到什么名字只能用什么名字。“

   5.图形方式设定ip

1.nm-connection -editor

systemctl   stop   NetworkManager

systemctl restart    network

systemctl   start   NetworkManager

2.nmtui

######6.命令方式设定网络

nmcli                                                  ##NetworkManager必须开启

nmcli device connect eth0                           ##启用eth0网卡

nmcli  device disconnect  eth0                    ##关闭eth0网卡

nmcli   device show    eth0                           ##查看网卡信息

nmcli   device status eth0                ##查看网卡服务接口信息

nmcli connection  show

nmcli connection  down westos

nmcli connection up westos

nmcli connection delete westos

 nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name westos ifname etho ip4 172.25.254.141/24

nmcli connection modify westos ipv4.method auto

nmcli connection modify westos ipv4.method manual

nmcli connection modify westos ipv4.addresses 172.25.254.241/24

#####7.管理网络配置文件

网络配置目录

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

网络配置文件的命名规则

ifcfg-xxxx

DEVICE=xxx          ##设备名称

BOOTPROTO=dhcp|static|none   ##设备工作方式

ONBOOT=yes                                 ##网络服务开启时自动激活网卡

IPADDR=                                         ##IP地址

PREFIX=24                                    ##子网掩码

NETMASK=255.255.255.0          ##子网掩码

 NAME=                                           ##接口名称

示例:

静态网络设定文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=172.25.254.141

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

BOOTPROTO=none

NAME=zyx

systemctl restart network

一块网卡上配置多个IP

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR0=172.25.254.141

NETMASK0=255.255.255.0

BOOTPROTO=none

NAME=zyx

IPADDR01=172.25.254.241

NETMASK1=255.255.255.0

systemctl restart network

ip addr show eth0

#####8.lo回环接口

回环接口————人的神经————127.0.0.1————localhost

####9.网关#####

1.把真实主机变成路由器

systemctl stop libvirtd

systemctl restart firewalld

systemctl start libvirtd

firewall-cmd --list

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-masquerade

firewall-cmd --reload

firewall-cmd --list-all

public (dafault,active)

     interfaces: br0 enp0s25 wlp3s0

     sources:

     services: dhcpv6-client ssh

     ports:

     masquerade: yes     <<<地址伪装功能开启,真实主机变成路由器》》》

    forward-ports:

    icmp-blocks:

2.设定虚拟机网关

vim /etc/sysconfig/network             ##全局网关,针对所有没有设定网关的网卡生效的生效

GATEWAY=172.25.254.141

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ech0

GATEWAY0=172.25.254.141           ##当网卡中设定的IP有多个时,指定对于那个IP生效

GATEWAY=172.25.254.141             ##当网卡中设定的IP只有一个时

route -n                                                ##查看网关

真机查看百度

虚拟机连接

##10.设定dns#####

domain name server ==域名解析服务   ##解析就是把域名变成IP

vim /etc/hosts                     ##本地解析文件

ip           域名

220.181.112.244               www.baidu.com

vim /etc/resolv.conf             ##dns的指向文件

nameserver 114.114.114.114      ##当需要某个域名的IP地址时去问114.114.114.114

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-xxxx

DNS1=114.114.114.114

注意:

当网络工作模式为dhcp时

系统会自动获得ip网关dns

那么etc/resolv.conf会被获得的信息修改

如果不需要获得dns信息

在网卡配置文件中加入

PREEDNS=no

###11.设定解析的优先级####

系统默认:

/etc/hosts   >     /etc/resolv.conf

vim /etc/nsswitch.conf

39 hosts:             file  dns         ##/etc/hosts优先

此时/etc/hosts优先

更改为/etc/resolv.conf优先

此时/etc/resolv.conf优先

vim /etc/nsswitch.conf

39 hosts:             dns files         ##/etc/resolv.conf  dns指向优先

####12.dhcp服务配置######

在配置之前

1.   vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ficfg-eth0

      systemctl restart network

      vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel_dvd.repo

       yum repolist list

       ping 172.25.254.250

       yum clean all

       yum repolist

yum install dhcp -y

cp /user/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# dhcpd.conf

# #

# # Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd

# #

#

# # option definitions common to all supported networks...

# option domain_name "westos.com";                                ##域名##

option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;                ##dns####

default-lease-time 600;                                                          ##默认租约##

max-lease-time 7200;                                                            ##最长租约##

# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.

#ddns-update-style none;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for de local

# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.

#authoritative;

Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also

# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).

log-facility local17;

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the

# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

27       删除

28       删除

# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {                                      ##子网设定##

    range 172.25.254.160   172.25.254.200;                                              ##IP地址池##

         option routers  172.25.254.250;                                                         ##网关##

          }

35行后面全部删除

systemctl restart dhcpd

systemctl stop firewalld

测试:

在网络工作模式是dhcp的主机中重启网络

可以看到

ip

GW

dns

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转载自blog.csdn.net/dzh1125641239/article/details/81214759