手工建库

关闭现有数据库：

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

查看参数文件：

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat init.ora initORA11GR2.ora lkORA11GR2 orapwORA11GR2 spfileORA11GR2.ora

1.创建实例instance：

生成pfile文件：

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ cat init.ora |grep -v ^# |grep -v ^$ > initPROD.ora

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat init.ora initORA11GR2.ora initPROD.ora lkORA11GR2 orapwORA11GR2 spfileORA11GR2.ora

修改initPROD.ora 文件：

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ vi initPROD.ora

db_name='PROD'

memory_target=800M

processes = 150

audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/adump'

#audit_trail ='db'

db_block_size=8192

db_domain=''

#db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area'

#db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G

#diagnostic_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>'

dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'

open_cursors=300

remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/control1.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/control2.ctl)

根据pfile文件并创建审计文件adump、控制文件：

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/adump

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/

查看admin目录下文件：ORA11GR2 PROD

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE

[oracle@host2 oracle]$ cd admin/

[oracle@host2 admin]$ ls

ORA11GR2 PROD

查看oradata目录下文件：

[oracle@host2 admin]$ cd .. （返回上级目录）

[oracle@host2 oracle]$ cd oradata/

[oracle@host2 oradata]$ ls

ORA11GR2 PROD

[oracle@host2 oradata]$

ls 验证生成的 initPROD.ora pfile文件；

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat init.ora initORA11GR2.ora initPROD.ora lkORA11GR2 orapwORA11GR2 spfileORA11GR2.ora

2.创建spfile：

验证当前环境变量：

[oracle@host2 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

ORA11GR2

切换当前环境变量：

[oracle@host2 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD

[oracle@host2 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

PROD

[oracle@host2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Dec 4 19:58:40 2016

Connected to an idle instance.

通过pfile创建spfile：

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

ls验证生成spfilePROD.ora spfile：

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat init.ora initORA11GR2.ora initPROD.ora lkORA11GR2 orapwORA11GR2 spfileORA11GR2.ora spfilePROD.ora

3.通过create database 创建database

数据库启动到nomount状态：

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes

Fixed Size 2257840 bytes

Variable Size 541068368 bytes

Database Buffers 289406976 bytes

Redo Buffers 2371584 bytes

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

STARTED

编写创建数据库脚本：

[oracle@host2 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@host2 dbhome_1]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

[oracle@host2 dbhome_1]$ vi create.sql

CREATE DATABASE PROD

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512

MAXLOGFILES 5

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXDATAFILES 100

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

DEFAULT TABLESPACE users

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/users01.dbf'

SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/undotbs01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

运行数据库脚本：

SQL> @?/create

Database created.

4.创建数据字典

必执行的脚本：

SQL> conn / as sysdba

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

SQL> conn system/oracle

SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

可选脚本：

SQL> conn / as sysdba

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb

创建scott用户：

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlsampl

验证数据库可用性：

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

5.口令文件：（也可不创建）

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD password=oracle

[oracle@host2 dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat init.ora initPROD.ora lkPROD orapwPROD spfilePROD.ora

hc_PROD.dat initORA11GR2.ora lkORA11GR2 orapwORA11GR2 spfileORA11GR2.ora

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