基本使用
ActiveAndroid集成
在AndroidStudio中,我们可以通过两种方式集成ActiveAndroid.
第一种是使用Gradle配置依赖:
repositories {
mavenCentral()
maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/" }
}
compile 'com.michaelpardo:activeandroid:3.1.0-SNAPSHOT'第二种是集成ActiveAndroid的jar包.
ActiveAndroid JAR包下载地址
自定义Model类
ActiveAndroid提供了一个Model类,用户可以继承Model,生成自己的表结构,一个Model就代表了SQLite数据库中的一张表结构.
这里我声明一个学生表,示例代码如下:
@Table(name = "Student")
public class StudentDAO extends Model {
@Column(name = "name")
public String name;
@Column(name = "age")
public int age;
@Column(name = "sex")
public String sex;
@Column(name = "score")
public int score;
}在AndroidManifest.xml中注册相关信息
为了ActiveAndroid的运行效率,使用者需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册数据库名称、版本号、表的代码路径等相关信息,参考设置如下:
<meta-data
android:name="AA_DB_NAME"
android:value="example.db"/>
<meta-data
android:name="AA_DB_VERSION"
android:value="1"/>
<meta-data
android:name="AA_MODELS"
android:value="com.wzy.study.model.StudentDAO, com.wzy.study.model.ClassDAO"/>在Application中进行ActiveAndroid初始化和析构操作
public class ExampleApplication extends Application {
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
ActiveAndroid.initialize(this);
}
@Override
public void onTerminate() {
super.onTerminate();
ActiveAndroid.dispose();
}
}源码分析
初始化过程
ActiveAndroid.java
我们先从ActiveAndroid的初始化过程入手,来分析ActiveAndroid的具体实现机制.
/**
* 构造函数
* @param context 应用进程上下文
* @param loggingEnabled 日志开关
*/
public static void initialize(Context context, boolean loggingEnabled) {
initialize(new Configuration.Builder(context).create(), loggingEnabled);
}
/**
* 构造函数
* @param configuration 用户构造的Configuration配置类
* @param loggingEnabled 日志开关
*/
public static void initialize(Configuration configuration, boolean loggingEnabled) {
// 设置日志开关(ps:优秀的开源项目都会控制日志输出)
setLoggingEnabled(loggingEnabled);
Cache.initialize(configuration);
}从initialize构造函数来看,我们在分析initialize源码实现之前,需要先看一下new Configuration.Builder(context).create()的具体实现.
Configuration.java
Configuration是ActiveAndroid的配置类,用来记录用户设置的数据库名称,数据库版本,数据库表等相关信息.
它采用构造者模式创建,我们只需要关注一下Configuration.Builder(context).create()的具体实现即可.源码如下:
/**
* 构建Configuration类.
* 构建规则:
* 1. 如果用户传入了自定义的Configuration类,且设置了相应配置的值,则直接使用用户的配置.
* 2. 如果用户没有传入自定义的Configuration类,则使用用户传入的Context对象获取用户在AndroidManifest.xml中meta-data设置的配置.
* 3. 单独针对用户自定义的Model类,如果用户没有传入Configuration类,也没有在AndroidManifest中配置,则ActiveAndroid会扫描应用的DexFile,通过反射查找所有用户自定义的Model对象.
*/
public Configuration create() {
Configuration configuration = new Configuration(mContext);
configuration.mCacheSize = mCacheSize;
// 获取数据库名称
if (mDatabaseName != null) {
configuration.mDatabaseName = mDatabaseName;
} else {
configuration.mDatabaseName = getMetaDataDatabaseNameOrDefault();
}
// 获取数据库版本
if (mDatabaseVersion != null) {
configuration.mDatabaseVersion = mDatabaseVersion;
} else {
configuration.mDatabaseVersion = getMetaDataDatabaseVersionOrDefault();
}
// 获取SQL解析器名称
if (mSqlParser != null) {
configuration.mSqlParser = mSqlParser;
} else {
configuration.mSqlParser = getMetaDataSqlParserOrDefault();
}
// 获取Model集合
if (mModelClasses != null) {
configuration.mModelClasses = mModelClasses;
} else {
final String modelList = ReflectionUtils.getMetaData(mContext, AA_MODELS);
if (modelList != null) {
configuration.mModelClasses = loadModelList(modelList.split(","));
}
}
// Get type serializer classes from meta-data
if (mTypeSerializers != null) {
configuration.mTypeSerializers = mTypeSerializers;
} else {
final String serializerList = ReflectionUtils.getMetaData(mContext, AA_SERIALIZERS);
if (serializerList != null) {
configuration.mTypeSerializers = loadSerializerList(serializerList.split(","));
}
}
return configuration;
}从上述源码可以分析出,Configuration类主要保存数据库名称、数据库版本、SQL解释器名称、TypeSerializers集合.
了解了Configuration类的构造过程,我们需要继续回到ActiveAndroid类的initialize方法.
public static void initialize(Configuration configuration, boolean loggingEnabled) {
// 设置日志开关(ps:优秀的开源项目都会控制日志输出)
setLoggingEnabled(loggingEnabled);
Cache.initialize(configuration);
}其中,setLoggingEnabled是用来设置打印开关的,好的项目都会控制日志输出,这块操作都是大同小异,我们就不去深究了.
接下来,我们去跟踪一下Cache类,看一下Cache类的initialize做了什么操作.
Cache.java
Cache.initialize()的源码如下:
public static synchronized void initialize(Configuration configuration) {
// 确保ActiveAndroid只初始化一次
if (sIsInitialized) {
Log.v("ActiveAndroid already initialized.");
return;
}
// 获取进程上下文
sContext = configuration.getContext();
// 初始化Model信息,在这里找到所有的数据库表
sModelInfo = new ModelInfo(configuration);
// 初始化DatabaseHelper,在这里执行数据库创建、数据库升级等操作
sDatabaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(configuration);
// LruCache保存映射关系
sEntities = new LruCache<String, Model>(configuration.getCacheSize());
// 创建数据库
openDatabase();
sIsInitialized = true;
Log.v("ActiveAndroid initialized successfully.");
}从上述代码中,我们首先需要跟进ModelInfo,看一下数据库表信息是如何获取的.
ModelInfo.java
中文注解的源码如下:
final class ModelInfo {
/**
* 存储Model和TableInfo的键值对Map
* TableInfo是通过用户自定义Model解析出来的
*/
private Map<Class<? extends Model>, TableInfo> mTableInfos = new HashMap<Class<? extends Model>, TableInfo>();
private Map<Class<?>, TypeSerializer> mTypeSerializers = new HashMap<Class<?>, TypeSerializer>() {
{
put(Calendar.class, new CalendarSerializer());
put(java.sql.Date.class, new SqlDateSerializer());
put(java.util.Date.class, new UtilDateSerializer());
put(java.io.File.class, new FileSerializer());
}
};
/**
* ModelInfo的构造函数
*
* @param configuration ActiveAndroid的配置类
*/
public ModelInfo(Configuration configuration) {
// 首先解析AndroidManifest中对应的Model对象
if (!loadModelFromMetaData(configuration)) {
try {
// 如果用户在AndroidManifest没声明自定义的Model类,
// 则从apk安装目录中去扫描继承自Model的类
scanForModel(configuration.getContext());
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("Couldn't open source path.", e);
}
}
Log.i("ModelInfo loaded.");
}
/**
* 从AndroidManifest.xml的meta-data中构建<Model, TableInfo>映射集合
*
* @return true: 构建成功; false:用户没有在AndroidManifest中声明AA_MODELS
*/
private boolean loadModelFromMetaData(Configuration configuration) {
// 判断用户是否在AndroidManifest中声明了自定义的Model类路径
if (!configuration.isValid()) {
return false;
}
// 解析每个Model对象,构造Model和TableInfo的键值对
final List<Class<? extends Model>> models = configuration.getModelClasses();
if (models != null) {
for (Class<? extends Model> model : models) {
mTableInfos.put(model, new TableInfo(model));
}
}
// TODO:了解TypeSerializer的作用
final List<Class<? extends TypeSerializer>> typeSerializers = configuration.getTypeSerializers();
if (typeSerializers != null) {
for (Class<? extends TypeSerializer> typeSerializer : typeSerializers) {
try {
TypeSerializer instance = typeSerializer.newInstance();
mTypeSerializers.put(instance.getDeserializedType(), instance);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
Log.e("Couldn't instantiate TypeSerializer.", e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
Log.e("IllegalAccessException", e);
}
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 扫描apk对应的DexFile,获取所有的用户自定义Model类,并生成Model和TableInfo的Map集合
*/
private void scanForModel(Context context) throws IOException {
// 获取应用的PackageName
String packageName = context.getPackageName();
// 获取应用的安装路径
String sourcePath = context.getApplicationInfo().sourceDir;
// 存储应用的所有文件集合
List<String> paths = new ArrayList<String>();
if (sourcePath != null && !(new File(sourcePath).isDirectory())) {
// 将apk文件转成DexFile
DexFile dexfile = new DexFile(sourcePath);
Enumeration<String> entries = dexfile.entries();
// 获取应用所有的文件路径集合
while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
paths.add(entries.nextElement());
}
} else {
ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
Enumeration<URL> resources = classLoader.getResources("");
while (resources.hasMoreElements()) {
String path = resources.nextElement().getFile();
if (path.contains("bin") || path.contains("classes")) {
paths.add(path);
}
}
}
for (String path : paths) {
File file = new File(path);
scanForModelClasses(file, packageName, context.getClassLoader());
}
}
/**
* 通过ClassLoader根据文件路径生成对应的Class类,查找Model类
*/
private void scanForModelClasses(File path, String packageName, ClassLoader classLoader) {
if (path.isDirectory()) {
for (File file : path.listFiles()) {
scanForModelClasses(file, packageName, classLoader);
}
} else {
String className = path.getName();
// Robolectric fallback
if (!path.getPath().equals(className)) {
className = path.getPath();
if (className.endsWith(".class")) {
className = className.substring(0, className.length() - 6);
} else {
return;
}
className = className.replace(System.getProperty("file.separator"), ".");
int packageNameIndex = className.lastIndexOf(packageName);
if (packageNameIndex < 0) {
return;
}
className = className.substring(packageNameIndex);
}
try {
Class<?> discoveredClass = Class.forName(className, false, classLoader);
if (ReflectionUtils.isModel(discoveredClass)) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Class<? extends Model> modelClass = (Class<? extends Model>) discoveredClass;
mTableInfos.put(modelClass, new TableInfo(modelClass));
} else if (ReflectionUtils.isTypeSerializer(discoveredClass)) {
TypeSerializer instance = (TypeSerializer) discoveredClass.newInstance();
mTypeSerializers.put(instance.getDeserializedType(), instance);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
Log.e("Couldn't create class.", e);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
Log.e("Couldn't instantiate TypeSerializer.", e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
Log.e("IllegalAccessException", e);
}
}
}
}通过ModelInfo源码我们可以得知,用户在使用ActiveAndroid时,最好把自己自定义的Model类声明在AndroidManifest中,否则ActiveAndroid就需要根据安装应用对应的DexFile去扫描应用内部全部的类,找出用户自定义的Model类,这是很耗时的操作.
TableInfo.java
同时在ModelInfo.java的源码中,我们可以看到mTableInfos存储的是Model的Class类类型和TableInfo的键值对.
因为需要看一下TableInfo是如何利用Model的Class类类型生成的.TableInfo的构造函数源码如下:
/**
* 构造函数,根据用户自定义的Model类生成TableInfo对象
*/
public TableInfo(Class<? extends Model> type) {
mType = type;
final Table tableAnnotation = type.getAnnotation(Table.class);
if (tableAnnotation != null) {
// 如果有Table注解,则使用Table注解中的表名和主键名
mTableName = tableAnnotation.name();
mIdName = tableAnnotation.id();
} else {
// 没有Table注解,使用类名作为表名
mTableName = type.getSimpleName();
}
// 添加主键的Field和name的键值对(因为主键是不能在用户定义的Model类中进行声明的)
Field idField = getIdField(type);
mColumnNames.put(idField, mIdName);
// 获取用户自定义Model中Field集合
List<Field> fields = new LinkedList<Field>(ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredColumnFields(type));
// Fields根据name进行字母升序排序
Collections.reverse(fields);
for (Field field : fields) {
if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Column.class)) {
final Column columnAnnotation = field.getAnnotation(Column.class);
String columnName = columnAnnotation.name();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(columnName)) {
columnName = field.getName();
}
mColumnNames.put(field, columnName);
}
}
}从源码来看,TableInfo的构造函数就是通过注解来解析用户自定义Model的所有Field字段.
其中涉及到的两个注解非常是Table和Column.通过Table注解获取表名和主键key,通过Column注解获取表的其它字段名.
Table.java
Table注解的源码如下:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Table {
public static final String DEFAULT_ID_NAME = "Id";
public String name();
public String id() default DEFAULT_ID_NAME;
}从Table注解的源码来看,Table注解是作用在类或者接口上,生命周期是运行时.其中name是表名,id是主键名.
Column.java
Column是用来表示每一列字段的,因此成员属性会比较复杂,中文注释的源码如下:
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Column {
/**
* 约束冲突的执行算法.
* ROLLBACK:当执行的SQL语句违反约束条件时,会停止当前执行的SQL语句,并将数据恢复到操作之前的状态.
* ABORT:当执行的SQL语句违反约束条件时,会停止当前执行的SQL语句,并将数据恢复到操作之前的状态,不过当前事务下先前执行的SQL语句造成的数据变动并不会受到影响.
* FAIL:当执行的SQL语句违反约束条件时,会停止当前执行的SQL语句,不过,先去执行的SQL语句造成的数据变化不会受到影响,而后面的SQL语句不会被执行.
* IGNORE:当执行的SQL语句违反约束条件时,那么这次数据将不会生效,但是后续的SQL语句会被继续执行.
* REPLACE:当插入或者修改数据时违反了唯一性的约束时,新的数据会替换掉旧的数据.
*/
public enum ConflictAction {
ROLLBACK, ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE, REPLACE
}
/**
* 外键约束在ON DELETE和ON UPDATE的行为.
* SET NULL:父键被删除(ON DELTETE SET NULL)或者修改(ON UPDATE SET NULL)时将外键字段设置为NULL.
* SET_DEFAULT:父键被删除(ON DELETE SET DEFAULT)或者修改(ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT)时将外键字段设置为默认值.
* CASCADE:将实施在父键上的删除或者更新操作传递给关联的子键.
* RESTRICT:存在一个或者多个子键外键引用了相应的父键时,SQLite禁止删除(ON DELETE RESTRICT)或者更新(ON UPGRADE RESTRICT)父键.
* NO ACTION:如果没有明确指定行为,那么默认的行为就是NO ACTION.表示父键被修改或者删除时,没有特别的行为发生.
*/
public enum ForeignKeyAction {
SET_NULL, SET_DEFAULT, CASCADE, RESTRICT, NO_ACTION
}
/**
* 列名称
*/
public String name() default "";
/**
* 列长度
*/
public int length() default -1;
/**
* 列是否非空
*/
public boolean notNull() default false;
/**
* 约束冲突的执行算法,默认为FAIL
*/
public ConflictAction onNullConflict() default ConflictAction.FAIL;
/**
* 外键约束,ON DELETE的默认处理是NO ACTION
*/
public ForeignKeyAction onDelete() default ForeignKeyAction.NO_ACTION;
/**
* 外键约束,ON UPDATE的默认处理是NO ACTION
*/
public ForeignKeyAction onUpdate() default ForeignKeyAction.NO_ACTION;
/**
* SQLite的UNIQUE约束
*/
public boolean unique() default false;
public ConflictAction onUniqueConflict() default ConflictAction.FAIL;
/**
* SQLite多个列的UNIQUE约束
*/
public String[] uniqueGroups() default {};
public ConflictAction[] onUniqueConflicts() default {};
/**
* 如果设置index=true,会创建单列索引.
* 例如:
*
* @Table(name = "table_name")
* public class Table extends Model {
* @Column(name = "member", index = true)
* public String member;
* }
* 构建索引语句: CREATE INDEX index_table_name_member on table_name(member)
*/
public boolean index() default false;
/**
* 如果设置indexGroups = ["group_name"],会创建组合索引.
* 例如:
*
* @Table(name = "table_name")
* public class Table extends Model {
* @Column(name = "member1", indexGroups = {"group1"})
* public String member1;
* @Column(name = "member2", indexGroups = {"group1", "group2"})
* public String member2;
* @Column(name = "member3", indexGroups = {"group2"})
* public String member3;
* }
* 构建索引语句:
* CREATE INDEX index_table_name_group1 on table_name(member1, member2)
* CREATE INDEX index_table_name_group2 on table_name(member2, member3)
*/
public String[] indexGroups() default {};
}DatabaseHelper.java
了解了ModelInfo的初始化过程,知道了Table注解和Column注解的实现,接下来,我们需要看一下DatabaseHelper的源码实现了.
需要明确,我们看源码是要带着问题去看源码,这里我抛出两个问题:
- DatabaseHelper是如何解析Table和Column注解,生成建表语句的.
- DatabaseHelper是如何执行数据库升级的.
大家带着问题,来学习一下中文注解的DatabaseHelper源码:
public final class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public final static String MIGRATION_PATH = "migrations";
private final String mSqlParser;
/**
* 构造函数,传入当前数据库名称和版本号,并判断是否进行数据库拷贝动作.
*/
public DatabaseHelper(Configuration configuration) {
super(configuration.getContext(), configuration.getDatabaseName(), null, configuration.getDatabaseVersion());
copyAttachedDatabase(configuration.getContext(), configuration.getDatabaseName());
mSqlParser = configuration.getSqlParser();
}
@Override
public void onOpen(SQLiteDatabase db) {
executePragmas(db);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
executePragmas(db);
executeCreate(db);
executeMigrations(db, -1, db.getVersion());
executeCreateIndex(db);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
executePragmas(db);
// 创建新表,因为建表语句是CRATE TABLE IF NOT EXIST,所以不用担心旧表被覆盖的问题
executeCreate(db);
// 旧表的修改使用asset/migrations/*.sql去修改
executeMigrations(db, oldVersion, newVersion);
}
/**
* 拷贝应用assets目录下同名SQLite db文件到应用所在的/data/data/packagename/database目录下
*/
public void copyAttachedDatabase(Context context, String databaseName) {
final File dbPath = context.getDatabasePath(databaseName);
// 如果同名db文件已经存在,则不进行拷贝动作
if (dbPath.exists()) {
return;
}
// Make sure we have a path to the file
dbPath.getParentFile().mkdirs();
// Try to copy database file
try {
final InputStream inputStream = context.getAssets().open(databaseName);
final OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(dbPath);
// 字节缓存为8KB
byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
int length;
while ((length = inputStream.read(buffer, 0, 8192)) > 0) {
output.write(buffer, 0, length);
}
output.flush();
output.close();
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("Failed to open file", e);
}
}
/**
* 开启SQLite的外键支持
*/
private void executePragmas(SQLiteDatabase db) {
if (SQLiteUtils.FOREIGN_KEYS_SUPPORTED) {
db.execSQL("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;");
Log.i("Foreign Keys supported. Enabling foreign key features.");
}
}
/**
* 创建表的索引
*/
private void executeCreateIndex(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.beginTransaction();
try {
for (TableInfo tableInfo : Cache.getTableInfos()) {
String[] definitions = SQLiteUtils.createIndexDefinition(tableInfo);
for (String definition : definitions) {
db.execSQL(definition);
}
}
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
} finally {
db.endTransaction();
}
}
/**
* 生成SQLite数据库的所有表结构
*/
private void executeCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.beginTransaction();
try {
for (TableInfo tableInfo : Cache.getTableInfos()) {
// 通过SQLiteUtils生成建表语句
db.execSQL(SQLiteUtils.createTableDefinition(tableInfo));
}
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
} finally {
db.endTransaction();
}
}
/**
* 实现SQLite数据库版本升级
*
* @param db SQLite数据库句柄
* @param oldVersion 旧版本号
* @param newVersion 新版本号
*/
private boolean executeMigrations(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
boolean migrationExecuted = false;
try {
// 获取应用assets/migrations目录下的.sql文件,文件名为数据库新版本号
final List<String> files = Arrays.asList(Cache.getContext().getAssets().list(MIGRATION_PATH));
Collections.sort(files, new NaturalOrderComparator());
db.beginTransaction();
try {
for (String file : files) {
try {
final int version = Integer.valueOf(file.replace(".sql", ""));
if (version > oldVersion && version <= newVersion) {
// 执行更新的SQL语句
executeSqlScript(db, file);
migrationExecuted = true;
Log.i(file + " executed successfully.");
}
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
Log.w("Skipping invalidly named file: " + file, e);
}
}
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
} finally {
db.endTransaction();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("Failed to execute migrations.", e);
}
return migrationExecuted;
}
/**
* 执行指定文件中的SQL语句
*/
private void executeSqlScript(SQLiteDatabase db, String file) {
InputStream stream = null;
try {
stream = Cache.getContext().getAssets().open(MIGRATION_PATH + "/" + file);
if (Configuration.SQL_PARSER_DELIMITED.equalsIgnoreCase(mSqlParser)) {
executeDelimitedSqlScript(db, stream);
} else {
executeLegacySqlScript(db, stream);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("Failed to execute " + file, e);
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(stream);
}
}
private void executeDelimitedSqlScript(SQLiteDatabase db, InputStream stream) throws IOException {
List<String> commands = SqlParser.parse(stream);
for (String command : commands) {
db.execSQL(command);
}
}
private void executeLegacySqlScript(SQLiteDatabase db, InputStream stream) throws IOException {
InputStreamReader reader = null;
BufferedReader buffer = null;
try {
reader = new InputStreamReader(stream);
buffer = new BufferedReader(reader);
String line = null;
while ((line = buffer.readLine()) != null) {
line = line.replace(";", "").trim();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(line)) {
db.execSQL(line);
}
}
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(buffer);
IOUtils.closeQuietly(reader);
}
}
}通过源码,我们来解答开始提出的两个问题.
创建SQLite数据库表结构
我们知道,当执行getWritableDatabase操作时会触发到DatabaseHelper类的onCreate操作.在onCreate方法中,我们可以观察到executeCreate是真正用户表创建的地方.
而建表语句是通过java SQLiteUtils.createTableDefinition(tableInfo)实现的.这部分源码实现如下:
/**
* 生成建表语句.通过解析Column注解来完成每一列的构建,然后拼接成完整的建表语句.
*/
public static String createTableDefinition(TableInfo tableInfo) {
final ArrayList<String> definitions = new ArrayList<String>();
for (Field field : tableInfo.getFields()) {
// 生成每一列的构建语句
String definition = createColumnDefinition(tableInfo, field);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(definition)) {
definitions.add(definition);
}
}
definitions.addAll(createUniqueDefinition(tableInfo));
// 拼接建表语句
return String.format("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s (%s);", tableInfo.getTableName(),
TextUtils.join(", ", definitions));
}
/**
* 创建每一列的构建语句
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static String createColumnDefinition(TableInfo tableInfo, Field field) {
StringBuilder definition = new StringBuilder();
Class<?> type = field.getType();
// 获取列名
final String name = tableInfo.getColumnName(field);
final TypeSerializer typeSerializer = Cache.getParserForType(field.getType());
// 获取列的注解
final Column column = field.getAnnotation(Column.class);
if (typeSerializer != null) {
type = typeSerializer.getSerializedType();
}
if (TYPE_MAP.containsKey(type)) {
// 将Java的Field类型转换为SQLite的基本类型(INTEGER, REAL, TEXT, BLOB)
definition.append(name);
definition.append(" ");
definition.append(TYPE_MAP.get(type).toString());
} else if (ReflectionUtils.isModel(type)) {
// 外键,使用Integer类型
definition.append(name);
definition.append(" ");
definition.append(SQLiteType.INTEGER.toString());
} else if (ReflectionUtils.isSubclassOf(type, Enum.class)) {
// 枚举类型
definition.append(name);
definition.append(" ");
definition.append(SQLiteType.TEXT.toString());
}
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(definition)) {
if (name.equals(tableInfo.getIdName())) {
definition.append(" PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT");
} else if (column != null) {
if (column.length() > -1) {
definition.append("(");
definition.append(column.length());
definition.append(")");
}
if (column.notNull()) {
definition.append(" NOT NULL ON CONFLICT ");
definition.append(column.onNullConflict().toString());
}
if (column.unique()) {
definition.append(" UNIQUE ON CONFLICT ");
definition.append(column.onUniqueConflict().toString());
}
}
// 构建外键
if (FOREIGN_KEYS_SUPPORTED && ReflectionUtils.isModel(type)) {
definition.append(" REFERENCES ");
definition.append(Cache.getTableInfo((Class<? extends Model>) type).getTableName());
definition.append("(" + tableInfo.getIdName() + ")");
definition.append(" ON DELETE ");
definition.append(column.onDelete().toString().replace("_", " "));
definition.append(" ON UPDATE ");
definition.append(column.onUpdate().toString().replace("_", " "));
}
} else {
Log.e("No type mapping for: " + type.toString());
}
return definition.toString();
}ActiveAndroid的精髓就是将Java类转换为对应的SQL语句,大家有兴趣的可以单步跟一下建表语句的执行.
升级数据库表结构
数据库的升级需要参考onUpgrade函数的实现:
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
executePragmas(db);
// 创建新表,因为建表语句是CRATE TABLE IF NOT EXIST,所以不用担心旧表被覆盖的问题
executeCreate(db);
// 旧表的修改使用asset/migrations/*.sql去修改
executeMigrations(db, oldVersion, newVersion);
}通过源码我们可以分析出:
- 支持添加新表操作,因为数据库版本升级时会再次执行executeCreate()方法.
- 支持对原有表结构的修改,参考实现executeMigrations函数.
executeMigrations的函数实现如下:
/**
* 实现SQLite数据库版本升级
*
* @param db SQLite数据库句柄
* @param oldVersion 旧版本号
* @param newVersion 新版本号
*/
private boolean executeMigrations(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
boolean migrationExecuted = false;
try {
// 获取应用assets/migrations目录下的.sql文件,文件名为数据库新版本号
final List<String> files = Arrays.asList(Cache.getContext().getAssets().list(MIGRATION_PATH));
Collections.sort(files, new NaturalOrderComparator());
db.beginTransaction();
try {
for (String file : files) {
try {
final int version = Integer.valueOf(file.replace(".sql", ""));
if (version > oldVersion && version <= newVersion) {
// 执行更新的SQL语句
executeSqlScript(db, file);
migrationExecuted = true;
Log.i(file + " executed successfully.");
}
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
Log.w("Skipping invalidly named file: " + file, e);
}
}
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
} finally {
db.endTransaction();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("Failed to execute migrations.", e);
}
return migrationExecuted;
}
/**
* 执行指定文件中的SQL语句
*/
private void executeSqlScript(SQLiteDatabase db, String file) {
InputStream stream = null;
try {
stream = Cache.getContext().getAssets().open(MIGRATION_PATH + "/" + file);
if (Configuration.SQL_PARSER_DELIMITED.equalsIgnoreCase(mSqlParser)) {
executeDelimitedSqlScript(db, stream);
} else {
executeLegacySqlScript(db, stream);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("Failed to execute " + file, e);
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(stream);
}
}
private void executeLegacySqlScript(SQLiteDatabase db, InputStream stream) throws IOException {
InputStreamReader reader = null;
BufferedReader buffer = null;
try {
reader = new InputStreamReader(stream);
buffer = new BufferedReader(reader);
String line = null;
while ((line = buffer.readLine()) != null) {
line = line.replace(";", "").trim();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(line)) {
db.execSQL(line);
}
}
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(buffer);
IOUtils.closeQuietly(reader);
}
}小结
至此,ActiveAndroid的数据库创建过程就已经分析完成了.
数据库增删改查
在ActiveAndroid中,数据库的操作类都放在query包中,里面的类都继承了Sqlable接口,所以我们需要先看一下Sqlable接口的实现.
Sqlable.java
Sqlable这个接口里面只有一个函数,它的功能就是将类转化为各种SQL语句:
public interface Sqlable {
public String toSql();
}插入数据和更新数据
ActiveAndroid中,插入操作和更新操作都是通过Model类的save方法实现的.这里以插入操作为例,对源码进行讲解.
我们先来看一下ActiveAndroid是如何插入数据的,例如我们插入一条学生数据,实现代码如下:
public void onInsert(View view) {
StudentDAO studentDAO = new StudentDAO();
studentDAO.age = 1;
studentDAO.name = "name1";
studentDAO.score = 100;
studentDAO.sex = "man";
studentDAO.save();
}深入到源码级别,我们来分析一下save的实现机制.
public final Long save() {
// 获取SQLite数据库写权限句柄
final SQLiteDatabase db = Cache.openDatabase();
final ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
for (Field field : mTableInfo.getFields()) {
final String fieldName = mTableInfo.getColumnName(field);
Class<?> fieldType = field.getType();
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
// 通过反射获取每一列的值
Object value = field.get(this);
if (value != null) {
final TypeSerializer typeSerializer = Cache.getParserForType(fieldType);
if (typeSerializer != null) {
// serialize data
value = typeSerializer.serialize(value);
// set new object type
if (value != null) {
fieldType = value.getClass();
// check that the serializer returned what it promised
if (!fieldType.equals(typeSerializer.getSerializedType())) {
Log.w(String.format("TypeSerializer returned wrong type: expected a %s but got a %s",
typeSerializer.getSerializedType(), fieldType));
}
}
}
}
// 根据File的type将Object value转成相应类型的值,存放在ContentValues中
if (value == null) {
values.putNull(fieldName);
} else if (fieldType.equals(Byte.class) || fieldType.equals(byte.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, (Byte) value);
} else if (fieldType.equals(Short.class) || fieldType.equals(short.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, (Short) value);
} else if (fieldType.equals(Integer.class) || fieldType.equals(int.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, (Integer) value);
} else if (fieldType.equals(Long.class) || fieldType.equals(long.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, (Long) value);
} else if (fieldType.equals(Float.class) || fieldType.equals(float.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, (Float) value);
} else if (fieldType.equals(Double.class) || fieldType.equals(double.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, (Double) value);
} else if (fieldType.equals(Boolean.class) || fieldType.equals(boolean.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, (Boolean) value);
} else if (fieldType.equals(Character.class) || fieldType.equals(char.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, value.toString());
} else if (fieldType.equals(String.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, value.toString());
} else if (fieldType.equals(Byte[].class) || fieldType.equals(byte[].class)) {
values.put(fieldName, (byte[]) value);
} else if (ReflectionUtils.isModel(fieldType)) {
values.put(fieldName, ((Model) value).getId());
} else if (ReflectionUtils.isSubclassOf(fieldType, Enum.class)) {
values.put(fieldName, ((Enum<?>) value).name());
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
Log.e(e.getClass().getName(), e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
Log.e(e.getClass().getName(), e);
}
}
if (mId == null) {
// 当前用户Id为null,则进行插入操作
mId = db.insert(mTableInfo.getTableName(), null, values);
} else {
// 当前用户Id不为null,则进入更新操作
db.update(mTableInfo.getTableName(), values, idName + "=" + mId, null);
}
// 通知ContentProvider
Cache.getContext().getContentResolver()
.notifyChange(ContentProvider.createUri(mTableInfo.getType(), mId), null);
return mId;
}从源码来看,实现还是很简单的.首先,通过反射机制,构造ContentValues.然后通过Model的mId是否为null,来判断是执行db.insert操作还是db.update操作.
删除数据
了解了插入和更新操作,我们继续来看一下删除操作的实现.
ActiveAndroid中,可以通过两种方法进行删除操作.
第一种是调用Model.delete方法,这种调用比较简单,我们直接上源码:
public final void delete() {
Cache.openDatabase().delete(mTableInfo.getTableName(), idName + "=?", new String[]{getId().toString()});
Cache.removeEntity(this);
Cache.getContext().getContentResolver()
.notifyChange(ContentProvider.createUri(mTableInfo.getType(), mId), null);
}从代码看,就是直接调用了db.delete方法,删除的条件是依赖于主键的值.
第二种是使用Delete对象,我们先看一下示例代码:
public void onDelete(View view) {
new Delete().from(StudentDAO.class).where("age = ?", new String[] {"1"}).execute();
}从代码里也能隐约看出SQL拼接的影子,我们从源码来跟踪一下其具体实现.
注意:不要将Delete配合executeSingle使用,因为这样使用不可避免的会碰到两个坑:
- SQLite默认不支持DELETE和LIMIT并存的操作.而executeSingle会使用Limt 1语句.
- 使用Delete和executeSingle配合,其实是先执行SELETE操作,然后再执行Model的delte操作.但是ActiveAndroid源码中没有判空,会导致空指针.我已经提交PR解决该问题:https://github.com/pardom/ActiveAndroid/pull/510
Delete.java
我们先看一下Delete.java的源码实现:
public final class Delete implements Sqlable {
public Delete() {
}
public From from(Class<? extends Model> table) {
return new From(table, this);
}
@Override
public String toSql() {
return "DELETE ";
}
}Delete类继承自Sqlable,重写了toSql()方法,返回的是”DELETE “.同时,在它的from方法中,构造From类,并将自己传递给From.
我们继续跟踪一下From类的具体实现.
From.java
From是ORM转换的核心实现,且这个类中包含了最后的数据动作execute和executeSingle,我们从源码来分析一下From类的具体实现:
public final class From implements Sqlable {
/**
* SQL执行语句集合
*/
private Sqlable mQueryBase;
/**
* 用户自定义Model的Class对象
*/
private Class<? extends Model> mType;
/**
* 当前表的别名
*/
private String mAlias;
/**
* 表级联的集合
*/
private List<Join> mJoins;
/**
* WHERE从句
*/
private final StringBuilder mWhere = new StringBuilder();
/**
* GROUP BY从句
*/
private String mGroupBy;
/**
* HAVING从句
*/
private String mHaving;
/**
* ORDER BY从句
*/
private String mOrderBy;
/**
* LIMIT从句
*/
private String mLimit;
/**
* LIMIT的偏移量
*/
private String mOffset;
/**
* WHERE从句占位符参数集合
*/
private List<Object> mArguments;
/**
* 构造函数
*/
public From(Class<? extends Model> table, Sqlable queryBase) {
mType = table;
mJoins = new ArrayList<Join>();
mQueryBase = queryBase;
mJoins = new ArrayList<Join>();
mArguments = new ArrayList<Object>();
}
/**
* 设置表别名.
* 例如: From(AAA.class).as("a")
*/
public From as(String alias) {
mAlias = alias;
return this;
}
/**
* 两表连接操作
* 例如: From(AAA.class).join(BBB.class)
*/
public Join join(Class<? extends Model> table) {
Join join = new Join(this, table, null);
mJoins.add(join);
return join;
}
/**
* 左连接
*/
public Join leftJoin(Class<? extends Model> table) {
Join join = new Join(this, table, JoinType.LEFT);
mJoins.add(join);
return join;
}
/**
* 外连接
*/
public Join outerJoin(Class<? extends Model> table) {
Join join = new Join(this, table, JoinType.OUTER);
mJoins.add(join);
return join;
}
/**
* 内连接
*/
public Join innerJoin(Class<? extends Model> table) {
Join join = new Join(this, table, JoinType.INNER);
mJoins.add(join);
return join;
}
/**
* 交叉连接
*/
public Join crossJoin(Class<? extends Model> table) {
Join join = new Join(this, table, JoinType.CROSS);
mJoins.add(join);
return join;
}
/**
* Where从句
*/
public From where(String clause) {
// Chain conditions if a previous condition exists.
if (mWhere.length() > 0) {
mWhere.append(" AND ");
}
mWhere.append(clause);
return this;
}
/**
* 带占位符的WHERE从句
*/
public From where(String clause, Object... args) {
where(clause).addArguments(args);
return this;
}
/**
* WHERE从句中的AND连接
*/
public From and(String clause) {
return where(clause);
}
/**
* 带占位符的AND连接
*/
public From and(String clause, Object... args) {
return where(clause, args);
}
/**
* WHERE从句中的OR连接
*/
public From or(String clause) {
if (mWhere.length() > 0) {
mWhere.append(" OR ");
}
mWhere.append(clause);
return this;
}
/**
* 带占位符的OR连接
*/
public From or(String clause, Object... args) {
or(clause).addArguments(args);
return this;
}
/**
* GROUP BY从句
*/
public From groupBy(String groupBy) {
mGroupBy = groupBy;
return this;
}
/**
* HAVING从句
*/
public From having(String having) {
mHaving = having;
return this;
}
/**
* ORDER BY从句
*/
public From orderBy(String orderBy) {
mOrderBy = orderBy;
return this;
}
public From limit(int limit) {
return limit(String.valueOf(limit));
}
public From limit(String limit) {
mLimit = limit;
return this;
}
public From offset(int offset) {
return offset(String.valueOf(offset));
}
public From offset(String offset) {
mOffset = offset;
return this;
}
void addArguments(Object[] args) {
for (Object arg : args) {
if (arg.getClass() == boolean.class || arg.getClass() == Boolean.class) {
arg = (arg.equals(true) ? 1 : 0);
}
mArguments.add(arg);
}
}
/**
* 拼接FROM语句
*/
private void addFrom(final StringBuilder sql) {
sql.append("FROM ");
sql.append(Cache.getTableName(mType)).append(" ");
if (mAlias != null) {
sql.append("AS ");
sql.append(mAlias);
sql.append(" ");
}
}
/**
* 拼接JOIN语句
*/
private void addJoins(final StringBuilder sql) {
for (final Join join : mJoins) {
sql.append(join.toSql());
}
}
/**
* 拼接WHERE语句
*/
private void addWhere(final StringBuilder sql) {
if (mWhere.length() > 0) {
sql.append("WHERE ");
sql.append(mWhere);
sql.append(" ");
}
}
/**
* 拼接GROUP BY语句
*/
private void addGroupBy(final StringBuilder sql) {
if (mGroupBy != null) {
sql.append("GROUP BY ");
sql.append(mGroupBy);
sql.append(" ");
}
}
/**
* 拼接HAVING语句
*/
private void addHaving(final StringBuilder sql) {
if (mHaving != null) {
sql.append("HAVING ");
sql.append(mHaving);
sql.append(" ");
}
}
/**
* 拼接ORDER BY语句
*/
private void addOrderBy(final StringBuilder sql) {
if (mOrderBy != null) {
sql.append("ORDER BY ");
sql.append(mOrderBy);
sql.append(" ");
}
}
/**
* 拼接LIMIT语句
*/
private void addLimit(final StringBuilder sql) {
if (mLimit != null) {
sql.append("LIMIT ");
sql.append(mLimit);
sql.append(" ");
}
}
/**
* 拼接OFFSET语句
*/
private void addOffset(final StringBuilder sql) {
if (mOffset != null) {
sql.append("OFFSET ");
sql.append(mOffset);
sql.append(" ");
}
}
private String sqlString(final StringBuilder sql) {
final String sqlString = sql.toString().trim();
// Don't waste time building the string
// unless we're going to log it.
if (Log.isEnabled()) {
Log.v(sqlString + " " + TextUtils.join(",", getArguments()));
}
return sqlString;
}
/**
* 生成可执行的SQL语句
*/
@Override
public String toSql() {
final StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
sql.append(mQueryBase.toSql());
addFrom(sql);
addJoins(sql);
addWhere(sql);
addGroupBy(sql);
addHaving(sql);
addOrderBy(sql);
addLimit(sql);
addOffset(sql);
return sqlString(sql);
}
public String toExistsSql() {
final StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
sql.append("SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 ");
addFrom(sql);
addJoins(sql);
addWhere(sql);
addGroupBy(sql);
addHaving(sql);
addLimit(sql);
addOffset(sql);
sql.append(")");
return sqlString(sql);
}
public String toCountSql() {
final StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
sql.append("SELECT COUNT(*) ");
addFrom(sql);
addJoins(sql);
addWhere(sql);
addGroupBy(sql);
addHaving(sql);
addLimit(sql);
addOffset(sql);
return sqlString(sql);
}
/**
* 执行SQL语句
*/
public <T extends Model> List<T> execute() {
if (mQueryBase instanceof Select) {
return SQLiteUtils.rawQuery(mType, toSql(), getArguments());
} else {
SQLiteUtils.execSql(toSql(), getArguments());
Cache.getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(ContentProvider.createUri(mType, null), null);
return null;
}
}
public <T extends Model> T executeSingle() {
if (mQueryBase instanceof Select) {
limit(1);
return (T) SQLiteUtils.rawQuerySingle(mType, toSql(), getArguments());
} else {
//limit(1);
Model model = SQLiteUtils.rawQuerySingle(mType, toSql(), getArguments());
if (model != null) {
model.delete();
}
return null;
}
}
/**
* Gets a value indicating whether the query returns any rows.
*
* @return <code>true</code> if the query returns at least one row; otherwise, <code>false</code>.
*/
public boolean exists() {
return SQLiteUtils.intQuery(toExistsSql(), getArguments()) != 0;
}
/**
* Gets the number of rows returned by the query.
*/
public int count() {
return SQLiteUtils.intQuery(toCountSql(), getArguments());
}
public String[] getArguments() {
final int size = mArguments.size();
final String[] args = new String[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
args[i] = mArguments.get(i).toString();
}
return args;
}
}From类其实是对SQL语句的拼接具体实现,那SQL语句的具体执行其实是通过SQLiteUtils来执行的.
SQLiteUtils.java
在SQLiteUtils.java中,执行SQL语句的方法非常简单:
public static void execSql(String sql) {
Cache.openDatabase().execSQL(sql);
}
public static void execSql(String sql, Object[] bindArgs) {
Cache.openDatabase().execSQL(sql, bindArgs);
}从源码看,其实就是调用了SQLiteDatabase的execSQL方法.
查找数据
查找数据的过程其实和删除数据的过程很类似,都是通过From类去拼接SQL,最后通过SQLiteUtils去执行.
我们首先看一下ActiveAndroid中如何查询数据:
public void onSelect(View view) {
List<StudentDAO> list = new Select().from(StudentDAO.class).execute();
for (StudentDAO dao : list) {
Log.e("wangzhengyi", dao.toString());
}
}Select.java
public final class Select implements Sqlable {
private String[] mColumns;
private boolean mDistinct = false;
private boolean mAll = false;
public Select() {
}
/**
* 指定选择的列
*/
public Select(String... columns) {
mColumns = columns;
}
/**
* 指定选择的列和列的别名
*/
public Select(Column... columns) {
final int size = columns.length;
mColumns = new String[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
mColumns[i] = columns[i].name + " AS " + columns[i].alias;
}
}
public Select distinct() {
mDistinct = true;
mAll = false;
return this;
}
public Select all() {
mDistinct = false;
mAll = true;
return this;
}
public From from(Class<? extends Model> table) {
return new From(table, this);
}
/**
* 静态内部类,用于描述选择的列和列的别名
*/
public static class Column {
String name;
String alias;
public Column(String name, String alias) {
this.name = name;
this.alias = alias;
}
}
@Override
public String toSql() {
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
sql.append("SELECT ");
if (mDistinct) {
sql.append("DISTINCT ");
} else if (mAll) {
sql.append("ALL ");
}
// 如果指定列,则拼接具体的列的名字;否则,使用SELETE *
if (mColumns != null && mColumns.length > 0) {
sql.append(TextUtils.join(", ", mColumns) + " ");
} else {
sql.append("* ");
}
return sql.toString();
}
}可以看到,在Selete类中,我们可以指定需要查找的列,并声明是否为DISTINCT.
SQLiteUtils.java
接下来,直接讲解一下SELETE的具体实现.
首先,分析一下From类中SELETE真正执行的代码:
public <T extends Model> List<T> execute() {
if (mQueryBase instanceof Select) {
return SQLiteUtils.rawQuery(mType, toSql(), getArguments());
} else {
SQLiteUtils.execSql(toSql(), getArguments());
Cache.getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(ContentProvider.createUri(mType, null), null);
return null;
}
}
public <T extends Model> T executeSingle() {
if (mQueryBase instanceof Select) {
limit(1);
return (T) SQLiteUtils.rawQuerySingle(mType, toSql(), getArguments());
} else {
//limit(1);
Model model = SQLiteUtils.rawQuerySingle(mType, toSql(), getArguments());
if (model != null) {
model.delete();
}
return null;
}
}从源码中可以看出,SELETE的执行其实最终对应着SQLiteUtils的rawQuery和rawQuerySingle这两个方法.
rawQuery的源码如下:
public static <T extends Model> List<T> rawQuery(Class<? extends Model> type, String sql, String[] selectionArgs) {
Cursor cursor = Cache.openDatabase().rawQuery(sql, selectionArgs);
List<T> entities = processCursor(type, cursor);
cursor.close();
return entities;
}从源码中,可以看到,获取cursor的过程都是通过SQLiteDatabase的rawQuery方法,处理Cursor的方法如下:
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T extends Model> List<T> processCursor(Class<? extends Model> type, Cursor cursor) {
TableInfo tableInfo = Cache.getTableInfo(type);
String idName = tableInfo.getIdName();
final List<T> entities = new ArrayList<T>();
try {
Constructor<?> entityConstructor = type.getConstructor();
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
/**
* Obtain the columns ordered to fix issue #106 (https://github.com/pardom/ActiveAndroid/issues/106)
* when the cursor have multiple columns with same name obtained from join tables.
*/
List<String> columnsOrdered = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(cursor.getColumnNames()));
do {
// 判断LruCache缓存中是否存在Model类.
Model entity = Cache.getEntity(type, cursor.getLong(columnsOrdered.indexOf(idName)));
if (entity == null) {
entity = (T) entityConstructor.newInstance();
}
// 解析Cursor,填充用户自定义的Model对象的field成员
entity.loadFromCursor(cursor);
entities.add((T) entity);
}
while (cursor.moveToNext());
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Your model " + type.getName() + " does not define a default " +
"constructor. The default constructor is required for " +
"now in ActiveAndroid models, as the process to " +
"populate the ORM model is : " +
"1. instantiate default model " +
"2. populate fields"
);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("Failed to process cursor.", e);
}
return entities;
}小结
到此为止,ActiveAndroid的增删改查操作基本介绍完毕了.