2018年4月24日，一新手练习mysql数据库安装其中有一步骤需要安装 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm包，在安装过程中报错版本冲突：
[root@centos ~]# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
file /usr/lib64/libelf.so.1 from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/en@boldquot/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/en@quot/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
[root@centos ~]#
然后他就卸载了本地低版本的elfutils-libelf：
[root@centos ~]# rpm -e --nodeps elfutils-libelf
接着，再执行 rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm 报错：
[root@centos ~]# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm: error while loading shared libraries: libelf.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
再执行rpm命令有如下输出表示rpm工具已经修复：
[root@centos ~]# rpm
RPM version 4.8.0
Copyright (C) 1998-2002 - Red Hat, Inc.
This program may be freely redistributed under the terms of the GNU GPL
Usage: rpm [-aKfgpWHqVcdilsKiv?] [-a|--all] [-f|--file] [-g|--group] [-p|--package] [-W|--ftswalk] [--pkgid] [--hdrid] [--fileid] [--specfile] [--triggeredby]
[--whatrequires] [--whatprovides] [--nomanifest] [-c|--configfiles] [-d|--docfiles] [--dump] [-l|--list] [--queryformat=QUERYFORMAT] [-s|--state]
[--nofiledigest] [--nomd5] [--nofiles] [--nodeps] [--noscript] [--comfollow] [--logical] [--nochdir] [--nostat] [--physical] [--seedot] [--xdev]
[--whiteout] [--addsign] [-K|--checksig] [--delsign] [--import] [--resign] [--nodigest] [--nosignature] [--initdb] [--rebuilddb] [--aid] [--allfiles]
[--allmatches] [--badreloc] [-e|--erase <package>+] [--excludedocs] [--excludepath=<path>] [--fileconflicts] [--force] [-F|--freshen <packagefile>+]
[-h|--hash] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos] [--ignoresize] [-i|--install] [--justdb] [--nodeps] [--nofiledigest] [--nomd5] [--nocontexts] [--noorder]
[--nosuggest] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--oldpackage] [--percent] [--prefix=<dir>] [--relocate=<old>=<new>] [--replacefiles] [--replacepkgs]
[--test] [-U|--upgrade <packagefile>+] [--quiet] [-D|--define 'MACRO EXPR'] [-E|--eval 'EXPR'] [--macros=<FILE:...>] [--nodigest] [--nosignature]
[--rcfile=<FILE:...>] [-r|--root ROOT] [--querytags] [--showrc] [--quiet] [-v|--verbose] [--version] [-?|--help] [--usage] [--scripts] [--setperms]
[--setugids] [--conflicts] [--obsoletes] [--provides] [--requires] [--info] [--changelog] [--xml] [--triggers] [--last] [--dupes] [--filesbypkg]
[--fileclass] [--filecolor] [--fscontext] [--fileprovide] [--filerequire] [--filecaps]
[root@centos ~]#
总结：LINUX rpm -e --nodeps危险，一定要慎用，否则主机内核被破坏。
[root@centos ~]# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
file /usr/lib64/libelf.so.1 from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/en@boldquot/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/en@quot/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/elfutils.mo from install of elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
[root@centos ~]#
然后他就卸载了本地低版本的elfutils-libelf：
[root@centos ~]# rpm -e --nodeps elfutils-libelf
接着，再执行 rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm 报错：
[root@centos ~]# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm: error while loading shared libraries: libelf.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
这时，rpm已经被破坏缺失
libelf.so.1而不能用。
要修复rpm包也很简单，从别的机器上赋值 libelf.so.1放在/usr/lib64/下（我是从rhel5的机器上复制过来的）：
[root@centos ~]# cp libelf.so.1 /usr/lib64/
要修复rpm包也很简单，从别的机器上赋值 libelf.so.1放在/usr/lib64/下（我是从rhel5的机器上复制过来的）：
再执行rpm命令有如下输出表示rpm工具已经修复：
[root@centos ~]# rpm
RPM version 4.8.0
Copyright (C) 1998-2002 - Red Hat, Inc.
This program may be freely redistributed under the terms of the GNU GPL
Usage: rpm [-aKfgpWHqVcdilsKiv?] [-a|--all] [-f|--file] [-g|--group] [-p|--package] [-W|--ftswalk] [--pkgid] [--hdrid] [--fileid] [--specfile] [--triggeredby]
[--whatrequires] [--whatprovides] [--nomanifest] [-c|--configfiles] [-d|--docfiles] [--dump] [-l|--list] [--queryformat=QUERYFORMAT] [-s|--state]
[--nofiledigest] [--nomd5] [--nofiles] [--nodeps] [--noscript] [--comfollow] [--logical] [--nochdir] [--nostat] [--physical] [--seedot] [--xdev]
[--whiteout] [--addsign] [-K|--checksig] [--delsign] [--import] [--resign] [--nodigest] [--nosignature] [--initdb] [--rebuilddb] [--aid] [--allfiles]
[--allmatches] [--badreloc] [-e|--erase <package>+] [--excludedocs] [--excludepath=<path>] [--fileconflicts] [--force] [-F|--freshen <packagefile>+]
[-h|--hash] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos] [--ignoresize] [-i|--install] [--justdb] [--nodeps] [--nofiledigest] [--nomd5] [--nocontexts] [--noorder]
[--nosuggest] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--oldpackage] [--percent] [--prefix=<dir>] [--relocate=<old>=<new>] [--replacefiles] [--replacepkgs]
[--test] [-U|--upgrade <packagefile>+] [--quiet] [-D|--define 'MACRO EXPR'] [-E|--eval 'EXPR'] [--macros=<FILE:...>] [--nodigest] [--nosignature]
[--rcfile=<FILE:...>] [-r|--root ROOT] [--querytags] [--showrc] [--quiet] [-v|--verbose] [--version] [-?|--help] [--usage] [--scripts] [--setperms]
[--setugids] [--conflicts] [--obsoletes] [--provides] [--requires] [--info] [--changelog] [--xml] [--triggers] [--last] [--dupes] [--filesbypkg]
[--fileclass] [--filecolor] [--fscontext] [--fileprovide] [--filerequire] [--filecaps]
[root@centos ~]#
总结：LINUX rpm -e --nodeps危险，一定要慎用，否则主机内核被破坏。