一 查看linux操作系统版本和系统内核版本
[root@nfs_client ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 查看操作系统版本
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
[root@nfs_client ~]# uname -r 查看系统内核版本
3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
二 下载对应版本的MySQL安装文件
1、下载地址；https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
2、选择对应的Linux版本和x86/x64进行下载
可以选择 RPM Bundle,下载完记得解压 tar -xvf xxx.tar
[root@nfs_client ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar也可以细化下载，下载须要的mysql组件，有4个：分别是 server、client、common、libs
三 卸载旧版本的MySql （没有的话，则跳过此步骤）
1、查看旧版本MySql
rpm -qa | grep mysql
将会列出旧版本MySql的组件列表，如：
我的电脑这里只显示一个，有可能会有多个。
2、逐个删除掉旧的组件
使用命令rpm -e --nodeps {-file-name}进行移除操作，移除的时候可能会有依赖，要注意一定的顺序。
第一次没有删除成功是因为最后多了一个空格。
四 使用 rpm 命令安装MySql组件
使用命令rpm -ivh {-file-name}进行安装操作。
按照依赖关系依次安装rpm包 依赖关系依次为common→libs→client→server
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
注：ivh中， i-install安装；v-verbose进度条；h-hash哈希校验
在安装 mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 时有可能会报错：mysql依赖错误
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64
解决：清除yum里所有mysql依赖包
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
[root@nfs_client tools]# yum remove mysql-libs
清除完yum里所有mysql的依赖包后，再次安装mysql组件就不会报错了：
[root@nfs_client tools]# ls
mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@nfs_client tools]# 五 登录并创建MySql密码
1 启动MySql
安装完后，使用命令 service mysqld start 或 systemctl start mysqld.service 启动MySQL服务。
systemctl start mysqld.service 启动mysql
systemctl status mysqld.service 查看mysql状态
systemctl stop mysqld.service 关闭mysql
查看mysql进程 ps -ef|grep mysql
查看3306端口 netstat -anop|grep 3306
eg:
[root@nfs_client tools]# ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql 4102 1 0 14:29 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
root 4806 1464 0 14:43 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@nfs_client tools]# ps -ef|grep mysqld
mysql 4102 1 0 14:29 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
root 4829 1464 0 14:43 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
[root@nfs_client tools]# firewall-cmd --state
not running
[root@nfs_client tools]# netstat -anop|grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 4102/mysqld off (0.00/0/0)
[root@nfs_client tools]#
2 登陆mysql修改root密码
由于MySQL5.7.4之前的版本中默认是没有密码的，登录后直接回车就可以进入数据库，进而进行设置密码等操作。其后版本对密码等安全相关操作进行了一些改变，在安装过程中，会在安装日志中生成一个临时密码。
怎么找到这个临时密码呢？
使用：
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log即可查询到类似于如下的一条日志记录：
[root@nfs_client tools]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log # 在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中搜索字段‘temporary password’
2018-07-18T06:02:23.579753Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: n(jPp4l-C33#n(jPp4l-C33#即为登录密码。使用这个随机密码登录进去，然后修改密码，使用命令：
mysql -uroot -p
[root@nfs_client tools]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: # 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit # 输入quit 或 exit 都能退出mysql
Bye执行下面的命令修改MySql root密码
在5.6后,mysql内置密码增强机制,低强度密码会报错:
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'sdbrk';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
或
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('sdbrk');
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements解决方案如下：
可参见：ERROR 1819 （HY000）：Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirments
step1： 更改策略，设置 validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; # 此时，新密码长度大于等于8位才有效，否则报错修改有效密码长度：
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)不管设置 validate_password_length=1,还是2,3,4 ,‘使密码长度生效’这个参数的实际值都是4。超过4后设置是多少实际就是多少。
step2：重设密码：
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('9527');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)此时，虽然防火墙我时关着的，但root用户只能用于本机访问，不能用于远程访问，否则会报以下错误。因此，接下来要做的是授予root用户远程访问权限。
查看当前授予过的权限：
use mysql;
select user,host from user;
注意：mysql默认会包含四个数据库，千万不能删
本机上：
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select user,host from user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+---------------+-----------+
| root | % |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)step3: 授予root用户远程访问权限：
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '9527';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.05 sec)step4: 刷新权限，使设置生效， OK。
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)在远程机器上测试远程连接： mysql -h192.168.0.241 -uroot -p
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h192.168.0.241 -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 20
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show grants;
+-------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@% |
+-------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> mysql中可以给你一个用户授予如select,insert,update,delete等其中的一个或者多个权限,主要使用grant命令,用法格式为：
grant 权限 on 数据库对象 to 用户
一、grant 普通数据用户，查询、插入、更新、删除 数据库中所有表数据的权利。
grant select on testdb.* to common_user@’%’
grant insert on testdb.* to common_user@’%’
grant update on testdb.* to common_user@’%’
grant delete on testdb.* to common_user@’%’
或者，用一条 MySQL 命令来替代：
grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.* to common_user@’%’