7.5.4 初始web配置

To support the scoping of beans at the request, session, globalSession, application, and websocket levels (web-scoped beans), some minor initial configuration is required before you define your beans. (This initial setup is not required for the standard scopes, singleton and prototype.)

为了支持beans的作用域界定在request，session，globalSession， application，和websocket（即具有web作用域bean），定义你的beans之前，需要做少量的初始配置。（这是初始步骤对于标准作用域是不必要的，singleton和prototype）。

How you accomplish this initial setup depends on your particular Servlet environment.

如何完成此初始设置取决于您的特定Servlet环境。

If you access scoped beans within Spring Web MVC, in effect, within a request that is processed by the Spring DispatcherServlet or DispatcherPortlet, then no special setup is necessary: DispatcherServlet and DispatcherPortlet already expose all relevant state.

如果您访问Spring Web MVC框架内作用域的beans，实际上, 即由Spring处理的请求中DispatcherServlet或DispatcherPortlet，则不需要特殊的设置：DispatcherServlet与DispatcherPortlet已公开所有相关的状态。

If you use a Servlet 2.5 web container, with requests processed outside of Spring’s DispatcherServlet (for example, when using JSF or Struts), you need to register the org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener ServletRequestListener. For Servlet 3.0+, this can be done programmatically via the WebApplicationInitializer interface. Alternatively, or for older containers, add the following declaration to your web application’s web.xml file:

如果您使用Servlet 2.5 Web容器，并且在Spring之外处理请求 DispatcherServlet（例如，使用JSF或Struts时），则需要注册org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener ServletRequestListener。对于Servlet 3.0+，可以通过WebApplicationInitializer 接口以编程方式完成。或者，或者对于旧容器，将以下声明添加到Web应用程序的web.xml文件中：

<web-app>
    ...
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
    ...
</web-app>

Alternatively, if there are issues with your listener setup, consider using Spring’s RequestContextFilter. The filter mapping depends on the surrounding web application configuration, so you have to change it as appropriate.

或者，如果您的侦听器设置存在问题，请考虑使用Spring RequestContextFilter。过滤器映射取决于周围的Web应用程序配置，因此您必须根据需要进行更改。

<web-app>
    ...
    <filter>
        <filter-name>requestContextFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>requestContextFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    ...
</web-app>

DispatcherServlet, RequestContextListener, and RequestContextFilter all do exactly the same thing, namely bind the HTTP request object to the Threadthat is servicing that request. This makes beans that are request- and session-scoped available further down the call chain.

DispatcherServlet，RequestContextListener和RequestContextFilter都在做同样的事情，即将HTTP请求对象绑定到Thread这个为该请求提供服务的对象。这使得请求和会话范围的bean可以在调用链的下面进一步使用。