折腾了很多次，最终全用最新版本，搞定了（WIN10 X64）。
vs_community__1245092436.1532590455.exe：https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/downloads/
opencv-3.4.2-vc14_vc15.exe：https://opencv.org/releases.html
opencv_contrib-3.4.2.zip:https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/releases
cmake-3.12.0-win64-x64.msi:https://www.baidu.com/link?url=6hnwMTvNvi9Ok6qjp8c07MhFSF1IXK1pTQ5EY8r6snTk3KX6N_UhS35-pEcpcTSg&wd=&eqid=dd4355ea0003ecde000000065b597a1e
安装过程不说了，重点说下cmake编译，及VS2017的opencv环境配置。
1.打开cmake, 输入路径，其中myBuild为新建文件夹，便于与build区分
2.Configure——>>>Generate
3.为OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH添加路径，即opencv_contrib-3.4.2的modules路径
4.重新Configure——>>>Generate
5.点击cmake里的Open Project可直接打开myBuild文件夹里的OpenCV.sln
先选择Debug X64下生成解决方案
6.编译完成
7.点开CmakeTargets–>INSTALL,右键->【仅用于项目】->【仅生成INSTALL】
同理，在Release模式下运行一次，最终myBuild文件夹大小为，有用的是myBuild\install：
8.配置VS2017
为计算机添加环境变量：D:\OpenCV\3.4.2\opencv\myBuild\install\x64\vc15\bin ，重启有效
VS新建空项目
VS项目属性添加包含文件：D:\OpenCV\3.4.2\opencv\myBuild\install\include
D:\OpenCV\3.4.2\opencv\myBuild\install\include\opencv
D:\OpenCV\3.4.2\opencv\myBuild\install\include\opencv2
VS项目属性添加库文件：D:\OpenCV\3.4.2\opencv\myBuild\install\x64\vc15\lib
连接器——>输入——>附加依赖项添加库
下面为Debug下的lib：
opencv_aruco342.lib
opencv_bgsegm342.lib
opencv_bioinspired342.lib
opencv_calib3d342.lib
opencv_ccalib342.lib
opencv_core342.lib
opencv_datasets342.lib
opencv_dnn342.lib
opencv_dnn_objdetect342.lib
opencv_dpm342.lib
opencv_face342.lib
opencv_features2d342.lib
opencv_flann342.lib
opencv_fuzzy342.lib
opencv_hfs342.lib
opencv_highgui342.lib
opencv_imgcodecs342.lib
opencv_imgproc342.lib
opencv_img_hash342.lib
opencv_line_descriptor342.lib
opencv_ml342.lib
opencv_objdetect342.lib
opencv_optflow342.lib
opencv_phase_unwrapping342.lib
opencv_photo342.lib
opencv_plot342.lib
opencv_reg342.lib
opencv_rgbd342.lib
opencv_saliency342.lib
opencv_shape342.lib
opencv_stereo342.lib
opencv_stitching342.lib
opencv_structured_light342.lib
opencv_superres342.lib
opencv_surface_matching342.lib
opencv_text342.lib
opencv_tracking342.lib
opencv_video342.lib
opencv_videoio342.lib
opencv_videostab342.lib
opencv_xfeatures2d342.lib
opencv_ximgproc342.lib
opencv_xobjdetect342.lib
opencv_xphoto342.lib
下面为Release下的lib：
opencv_aruco342.lib
opencv_bgsegm342.lib
opencv_bioinspired342.lib
opencv_calib3d342.lib
opencv_ccalib342.lib
opencv_core342.lib
opencv_datasets342.lib
opencv_dnn342.lib
opencv_dnn_objdetect342.lib
opencv_dpm342.lib
opencv_face342.lib
opencv_features2d342.lib
opencv_flann342.lib
opencv_fuzzy342.lib
opencv_hfs342.lib
opencv_highgui342.lib
opencv_imgcodecs342.lib
opencv_imgproc342.lib
opencv_img_hash342.lib
opencv_line_descriptor342.lib
opencv_ml342.lib
opencv_objdetect342.lib
opencv_optflow342.lib
opencv_phase_unwrapping342.lib
opencv_photo342.lib
opencv_plot342.lib
opencv_reg342.lib
opencv_rgbd342.lib
opencv_saliency342.lib
opencv_shape342.lib
opencv_stereo342.lib
opencv_stitching342.lib
opencv_structured_light342.lib
opencv_superres342.lib
opencv_surface_matching342.lib
opencv_text342.lib
opencv_tracking342.lib
opencv_video342.lib
opencv_videoio342.lib
opencv_videostab342.lib
opencv_xfeatures2d342.lib
opencv_ximgproc342.lib
opencv_xobjdetect342.lib
opencv_xphoto342.lib
配置完成了，可以在VS2017里调用OpenCV3了。
参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34360180/article/details/66978979